人為干擾對生態社區地景之影響

The Impact of Human Disturbances on Landscape in the Ecological Community

林浩立(Hao-Li Lin) ； 胡瀞予(Ching-Yu Hu) ； 陳朝圳(Chaur-Tzuhn Chen) ； 吳守從(Shou-Tsung Wu)

《華岡農科學報》 28期 (2011/12) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.29985/HKJA.201112.0001

摘要

生態旅遊的發展，是以自然旅遊地低度開發、低度干擾為原則，為驗證實際空間利用隨時間變化情形，本研究以宜蘭縣大同鄉松羅、崙埤與英士3個原住民部落為主要的研究區域，評估推展生態旅遊後之地景生態的變化狀況及干擾情。使用2003年及2009年之彩色正射航空照片為材料，將研究樣區之土地利用類型定義為七大類。並藉由兩個時期分類後的土地利用圖，分別建立兩個時期各自土地利用類型之面積統計、空間分布資料，計算面積轉移矩陣及轉移機率，以探討研究樣區在歷經7年土地利用變遷之情形。在地景指標部分選取嵌塊體密度、平均嵌塊體面積、邊緣密度、面積加權之平均形狀指標、面積加權之碎形維度值、Shannon's地景多樣性指標及Shannon's均勻度指標，進行地景層級及類型層級之地景指標的計算和干擾程度評估。該樣區前後兩個時期皆以植物群落為主體，7年間之面積比例變化皆不大，但與人工開發相關類型之面積皆呈現增加的現象。整體而言研究樣區內之地景結構呈現破碎化的趨勢，由轉移矩陣結果可知，其主要原因為人類之開發行為，改變原有的土地類型，而產生更小面積的土地單元，造成平均嵌塊體面積之減少。研究發現2003年及2009年之干擾指標雖呈增加趨勢，然其差異性t檢定的結果顯示出發展生態旅遊之後的干擾程度並無顯著差異。

關鍵字

人為干擾 ； 生態旅遊 ； 生態社區 ； 地景指標

並列摘要

A focal principle of ecotourism is less-development or low-disturbance at nature tourism site. In order to examine how the actual use of space has varied with time, this study chose three neighboring aboriginal communities as study area. They are Song-Luo, Lun-Pi, Ying-Shih in Datong Hsiang, Yilan County. We intended to assess the landscape change of ecological interference after the promotion of ecotourism. Using ortho-corrected color aerial photographs of 2003 and 2009 as materials, seven categories of land-used types on the research areas were defined. In the meanwhile, two periods of land-use maps were both classified. After that, in order to explore the situation of the land-use change on the study area after 7 years, this research compared the area distribution of each land-used type and derived the transition matrix and transition probabilities. Seven indices, including ”Patch Density”, ”Mean Patch Size”, ”Edge Density”, ”Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index”, ”Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension”, ”Shannon's Diversity Index”, and ”Shannon's Evenness Index” were calculated to assess the effects of disturbance on the landscape and each land-use type. The landscapes in 2003 and 2009 were both dominated by vegetation. The area ratio of each land use type did not change drastically, but the area of human development-related types showed an increasing trend. The overall landscape structure of the study area showed a trend of fragmentation judging from the results of transfer matrix. The major cause was that human-induced development had created many small-size patches, which in turn reduced the ”Mean Patch Size”. The t-test results showed no significant differences between the landscapes before and after developing ecotourism, even though there was an increasing trend in disturbance index between 2003 and 2009.

並列關鍵字

Human Disturbance ； Ecotourism ； Eco-Community ； Landscape Indices