政治言論自由與社會正義－羅爾斯的觀點

Freedom of Political Speech and Social Justice: John Rawls's Perspective

張福建(Fu-Kien Chang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 9期 (2004/06) Pp. 39-77

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532004060009002

摘要

在一個民主社會中，言論及出版自由是憲法所保障的基本權利。但是對於政治言論自由，究竟哪些才是此類言論最關鍵的課題？以及對這類言論的規範該如何拿捏才算合理適當？都是各國憲政史上一個爭議不斷的課題。羅爾斯不同於早先的Meiklejohn從「自治」的立論出發，轉從社會正義的視角切入，為此類言論提供一個更合理堅實的基礎。本文主旨即在闡述羅爾斯對於政治言論自由的立場和觀點。

關鍵字

羅爾斯 ； 政治言論自由 ； 誹謗政府罪 ； 出版品的事先限制 ； 革命及顛覆性主張 ； 明顯而即刻危險準則 ； 憲政危機

並列摘要

In a democratic society, freedom of speech and press are baste rights protected by constitution. Yet what kind of freedom of speech are indispensable and indispensable and what are the proper principles of limits on it are enduring issues in the history of constitutional theories and practices. While Meiklejohn based his defense of freedom of political speech on the doctrine of ”self-government”, John Rawls tried to do the same job from another way, namely, his theory of justice. This essay is meant to be an explication and analysis of his views and theory which ground his defense of freedom of political speech.

並列關鍵字

John Rawls ； freedom of political speech ； crime of seditious libel ； prior restraints on freedom of the press ； revolutionary and subversive doctrines ； clear and present danger rule ； constitutional crisis

參考文獻

Rawls, John(1971).(A Theory of Justice).

Kalven, Harry Jr.(1988).(A Worthy Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America).

Blasi, Vincent(1977).The Checking Value of First Amendment Theory.American Bar Foundarion Research Journal.2,521-649.

Choper J. H.,Fallon, R. H. Jr.,Kamisar, Y.,Shiffrin, S. H(2001).(Constitutional Law 9th ed.).

Rawls, John,S. M. Mcmurrin(1999).(Law of Peoples).