倒讀《厲威也憚》：論霍布斯的弔詭及其可能的解決

A Reversal Reading of Leviathan: On Hobbes's Paradoxes and Their Possible Solutions

孫善豪(Shan-Hao Sun)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 31期 (2009/12) Pp. 1-32

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532009120031001

摘要

一般對霍布斯《厲威也憚》的讀法都是從頭正面讀起：從人性到自然狀態到國家建立……。但是依此順序，則會遇到各種弔詭：民主弔詭、主權弔詭、建國弔詭等。為免除這種種弔詭，本文建議：應該顛倒閱讀的順序：將上帝或耶穌作為主權者當作既予的或先驗的前提，如此則各種弔詭才或許有可能迎刃而解。

關鍵字

厲威也憚 ； 主權 ； 弔詭 ； 臣服 ； 耶穌是基督

並列摘要

The normal reading of Hobbes's Leviathan is one that according to its own order: from the nature of man to the natural situation, then the establishment of commonwealth...... In doing so one encounters several paradoxes, including the paradox of democracy, sovereignty, and the establishment of state. In this article is suggested that this order should be reversed, so that the sovereignty as God or/and Jesus as Christ should be posited as a priori or at least as given. By this reversal reading, the above seeming paradoxes could all be solved.

並列關鍵字

Leviathan ； sovereignty ； paradox ； subjection ； Jesus as Christ

參考文獻

Anonym(1971).Holy Bible.Iowa Falls:World Bible Publishers.

Thomas Hobbes,Bernard Gert. (edited)(1991).Man and Citizen (De Homine and De Cive).Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing Company.

Thomas Hobbes,Crawford Brough Macpherson. (edited)(1985).Leviathan.London:Penguin Books.

Thomas Hobbes、黎思復譯、黎廷弼譯(1996)。利維坦。北京:商務印書館。

Karl Marx,Friedrich Engels(1967).Marx Engels Werke, herausgegeben von Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der Sozialstischen Einhietspartei Deutschlands.Berlin:Dietz.