日本超國家主義的陰影－奧姆真理教事件的政治分析

The Shadow of Japanese Ultranationalism: A Political Analysis of the Aum Shinrikyo Incident

安井伸介(Shinsuke Yasui)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 54期 (2015/09) Pp. 51-107

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532015090054002

摘要

1995年發生的奧姆真理教事件，是震撼戰後日本社會的重大政治事件。奧姆真理教散布毒氣攻擊日本社會，目的似乎是推翻日本政府。但實際上該教團的內部運作和戰略極為幼稚，目的與手段有極大落差，直到現在依舊讓人無法理解奧姆真理教的本質。本文以日本超國家主義的視角為切入點，探討奧姆真理教事件所呈現的特色及含義。本文試著以兩個層面進行分析：首先是從權威主義的角度，分析奧姆真理教的內部運作，以及著重探討使信徒絕對服從的尊師主義；其次是從國族主義的角度，分析奧姆真理教所呈現的思想結構。透過上述分析，我們可以理解奧姆真理教為何給予日本學界極大的衝擊。

關鍵字

奧姆真理教 ； 麻原彰晃 ； 超國家主義 ； 權威主義 ； 國族主義

並列摘要

The Tokyo sarin gas attacks, which took place in 1995 by Aum Shinrikyo, was an important political incident shocking Japanese society after WWII. Aum released sarin gas to attack Japanese society, the purpose seemingly to overthrow the Japanese government; however, its inner interactions and strategies were quite immature. The gap between purpose and means of Aum continues to confuse us even now. This article aims to explore its implication from the viewpoint of Japanese Ultranationalism. This article intends to analyze this incident from two viewpoints: first, to explore the inner interactions of Aum according to the theory of authoritarianism, known as guruism, wherein followers obey absolutely; second, to examine the intellectual structure of Aum, as seen from the viewpoint of nationalism. Through such analysis, we can examine why Aum had great impact on Japanese intellectuals.

並列關鍵字

Aum Shinrikyo ； Ultranationali sm ； Shoko Asahara ； Authoritarianism ； Nationalism

參考文獻

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