不可能的見證：從「創傷的敘事」到「敘事的創傷化」

The Impossible Testimony: From the ＂Narrative of Trauma＂ to the ＂Traumatization of Narrative＂

蔣興儀(Hsing-Yi Chiang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 64期 (2018/03) Pp. 113-179

https://doi.org/10.6523/SOCIETAS.201803_(64).003

摘要

本文基於當代心理分析的觀點，闡述倖存者的敘事與先前創傷的關聯。經歷了創傷的倖存者要在他／她的敘事中見證創傷的事件。敘事和創傷的雙重結構會重疊起來，一個是說出來的歷史創傷，另一個是在敘說中發生的構成性創傷。本文主要依據紀傑克的「構成性創傷」論述，闡述主體要在敘說過程中再度經歷一次創傷化。透過敘說，主體以他／她的存有之核心來承擔創傷的裂隙。本文指出亞里斯多德式的融貫敘事典範並不充分，並以費歐曼和勞勃的「不可能的見證」、李維的「證詞的空隙」、策蘭的「想要說虛無」等，來說明創傷敘事必然是非融貫與破碎的。

關鍵字

紀傑克 ； 構成性創傷 ； 敘事 ； 證詞 ； 存有之匱乏 ； 大屠殺

並列摘要

This essay explicates the survivor's narrative and its relation to the previous trauma from a contemporary psychoanalytical perspective. The survivor, as the one who undergoes the traumatic experience, bears witness to the traumatic event in his or her narration. The essay renders manifest the twofold structure of narrating the trauma, in which the narrated historical trauma overlaps with a more constitutive trauma that occurs along with the act of narrating. Based on Zizek's thematics of constitutive trauma, the essay explicates the subjective dimension of re-traumatization through narrating the trauma and shows how the narrator assumes the traumatic gap at the core of his or her being in the act of narrating. The essay states the insufficiency of the Aristotelian coherence paradigm and explicates the necessary incoherence and fragmentation of the trauma narrative in terms of Shoshana Felman and Dori Laub's impossible testimony, Primo Levi's lacuna of testimony and Paul Celan's wanting-to-say-nothing.

並列關鍵字

Slavoj Zizek ； constitutive trauma ； narrative ； testimony ； lack of being ； Holocaust

參考文獻

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Adorno, Theodor W.,Ashton, E. B.(trans.)(1973).Negative Dialectics.New York:Continuum.