經濟學的演繹法研究取徑：兼論提升應用能力之道

Deductive Inference in Economics: Concurrent Discussion on Enhancing Its Applicability

林沁雄(Richard Chin-Hsiung Lin)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 69期 (2019/06) Pp. 1-49

https://doi.org/10.6523/SOCIETAS.201906_(69).001

摘要

經濟學經常應用數理模型來建立理論，本文稱此為演繹法研究取徑。當前本研究取徑凡分兩大流派，第一流派認為推論結果（即假說）是為理論，資料檢驗不具角色，第二流派則謂須要通過檢驗。本文旨在經由經濟哲學與方法論之角度，探討這兩大流派如何建立理論，並且擬定提升應用能力之對策。研究結果顯示，理性選擇能力所涉及的信念或思想，以及令這些成為可行所必須具備的前提條件非常重要，否則研究結果與被研究對象將不具相關性，難具應用功效。基此，兩大流派應盡力滿足這些條件，以避免缺乏基礎與文不對題的弊端。除這些考量外，本文亦提出兩項資料檢驗應注意事項以幫助第二流派提高證成與真實之條件，令理論更具應用的能力。

關鍵字

方法論 ； 典範 ； 知識 ； 理性選擇 ； 理論負載 ； 演繹推論

並列摘要

Economists often use logical reasoning or mathematic models to establish theories or analyze certain issues; this is called the deductive inference approach by this article. Based on the need for empirical support, there are basically two branches in this approach: Branch I claims that the deductive result is a theory that does not need evidential support, while Branch II demands a confirmation or falsification from data. This paper sets forth to explore these two branches and, furthermore, to formulate the best responses to their drawbacks in order to strengthen the applicability of these theories. Research results show that rational choice is the basis of deduction that renders its underlying concepts and beliefs very essential. The conditions that presupposed these concepts and beliefs become the prerequisites of rational choice and deduction, because without them the inference loses its foundation and relevance, not to mention the applicability of the theory. These prerequisites are important to both Branches. In addition, we propose two remedies for the second branch for empirical testing with the aim of increasing the justification and truth conditions of a theory.

並列關鍵字

deductive inference ； knowledge ； methodology ； paradigm ； rational choice ； theory-ladenness

參考文獻

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