人權、傳播權與新聞自由

Human Right, Communication Right and the Press Freedom

馮建三(Chien-San Feng)

《國家政策季刊》 1卷2期 (2002/12) Pp. 117-142

https://doi.org/10.6407/NPQ.200212.0117

摘要

世界人權宣言第十九條揭示了消極與積極兩種傳播權。前者指個人及集體（包括媒體）不受外力限制的自由傳播權利，後者關注個人及其集體所能使用的傳播資源之多寡問題。在台灣，消極傳播權歷來受到較大重視，媒體出於競爭壓力及商業動機而運用新聞自由，少受他律限制，致令媒體侵犯人權的指控，從1990年代中期以迄於今，愈演愈烈。本文指出，紓緩這個問題，無法僅從內容管制著手。根本之計在於建構積極的傳播權。國家必須積極地介入媒體市場的運作，才能提昇其秩序與效率，使國家自己成為賦權而不是約制傳播權的力量。文末據此所提出的低標準建議，濫觴於陳水扁總統在2000年競選期間提出的政見，也就是政府應建立結合台視、華視與公視的公電視集團。

關鍵字

第十九條 ； 積極自由 ； 消極自由 ； 新聞自由 ； 傳播權 ； 傳播政策 ； 公共電視

並列摘要

Article 19 of the Universal Human Rights Declaration implies two communication rights. The negative one indicates a situation where individuals or media can freely communicate to others without constraints, while the positive one concerns itself in the main with amounts of communication resources and their distribution among individuals and their collective representatives. For its historical context, negative right has been drawing much more attentions and since the mid-1990s there has witnessed a growing discontent with such rights being irresponsibly wielded by the media. This paper argues that, to alleviate such anxieties, conception of positive communication right need promoting so that the state plays an empowering role and intervenes to make the media market work more efficiently. The author concludes with a low-key proposal of establishing a public TV group that was initially put forward by the incumbent President Shui-bian Chen before taking office.

並列關鍵字

article 19 ； negative freedom ； positive freedom ； press freedom ； communication right ； communication policy ； public television