人權國家之死刑問題探討

A Study on the Death Penalty in a Human Right Country

許春金(Chuen-Jim Sheu)

《國家政策季刊》 1卷2期 (2002/12) Pp. 57-68

https://doi.org/10.6407/NPQ.200212.0057

摘要

死刑存廢各有立論依據。本文首先說明自1965年至2000年之死刑廢止運動已大有進展，不僅完全廢止國已增至國家總數之39%，事實上廢止者亦佔19%，而死刑存置國則僅為37％。影響死刑廢止之因素包括：國際人權運動之成長、廢止死刑的國際條約、政治壓力、政治領導人之影響及對威權社會之不公義與殘忍刑罰之拒絕。檢視死刑執行與暴力犯罪之資料，發現死刑廢止不見得會使殺人犯罪率增加，而民意調查顯示，約有75%以上的人口不贊成死刑，乃因對整體刑事司法機構之缺乏信心。因此，本文結論認為，人權國家刑法之最高上限應是公平應報主義，並且恢復提振百姓對司法警政等的信心，才是改革當前刑事政策及刑事司法的重心，並非代之以更延長的刑期。

關鍵字

死刑廢止 ； 國際人權運動 ； 政治壓力 ； 嚇阻效應 ； 犯罪被害恐懼感

並列摘要

There are pros and cons of death penalty. This article argues that there are progresses on abolishment movement since 1965. Among the total countries, 39% are completely abolish death penalty, 19% de facto abolish death penalty and 37% maintain it. Factors influencing death penalty abolishment movement includes: growth of international human rights development, international protocols of death penalty abolishment, political pressure and political leadership. Data show that there is limited deterrent effect of death penalty execution on violent crimes. Usually, public opinion polls show that more than 75% of respondents did not agree to abolish death penalty. However, further examination of the data reveals that the more you are not satisfied with criminal justice effectiveness, the more possibly you disagree to abolish death penalty. This article concludes that just desert is the ultimate justification for criminal sanctions. And strengthening public confidence on criminal justice is the first priority task for criminal justice agencies, not replacing with longer imprisonment.

並列關鍵字

Death Penalty Abolishment ； International Human Rights Movement ； Political Pressures ； Deterrent Effects ； Fear of Crime