WTO架構下的國際貿易與台灣的因應策略

The Architecture of the WTO and International Trade: Strategies for Taiwan

吳榮義(Rong-I Wu) ； 江啟臣(Chi-Chen Chiang)

《國家政策季刊》 2卷2期 (2003/06) Pp. 1-28

摘要

除簡述WTO貿易體系的沿革，本文認為所謂的「WTO架構」是建立在一、非歧視、消除貿易障礙、透明化與漸進式自由化的主要原則；二、互惠的運作準則；三、具強制性與拘束力的規範；四、共識為主、投票為輔的決策機制；五、允許例外的安全閥機制；六、公開的爭端解決機制等六大支柱之上。而且，在此WTO架構下，國際貿易具有下列的發展趨勢：自由化、透明化、去政治化、與法制化，以及貿易爭端解決的建制化與其他貿易的延伸效果。面對如此的全球貿易發展趨勢，本文最後也為台灣提出一些在WTO架構下的政策建議，以擴展其國際貿易，強化加入WTO的效益。

關鍵字

WTO ； WTO架構 ； 國際貿易 ； 台灣 ； 因應策略

並列摘要

Apart from briefly elaborating the evolution of WTO trading system, this paper clearly defines the so-called ”architecture of the WTO” as a legal framework, which is mainly supported by six pillars: (1) principles of non-discrimination, transparency, eliminating trade barriers, and incremental liberalization, (2) the operation norm of reciprocity, (3) binding and enforceable rules, (4) consensus-based decision-making mechanism, (5) safety-valve mechanism, and (6) open dispute settlement mechanism. More importantly, the paper identifies that, under the architecture of the WTO, international trade has following trends: liberalization, transparency, depoliticization, legalization, institutionalization of dispute settlement, and other effects of WTO plus. Under such circumstance of global trading environment, the paper finally provides some strategies for Taiwan to extend its international trade and increase its benefits of joining WTO under the architecture of the WTO.

並列關鍵字

WTO ； the architecture of the WTO ； international trade ； Taiwan ； strategies