憲改工程的另類思考：由準總統制邁向內閣制的制度安排

Alternative Approach of the Constitutional Reform Project

陳慈陽(Tsi-Yang Chen)

《國家政策季刊》 4卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 89-108

https://doi.org/10.6407/NPQ.200506.0089

摘要

憲法乃國家的根本大法，與人民權利保障息息相關，雖然我國憲法已六次增修，但有關中央政府體制的設計仍無法取得共識，中央政府體制的設計可謂工程浩大且影響深遠，面對新世紀的各項挑戰，中央政府體制設計更成為憲政改革的首要之務。因此憲政改造工程不僅應符合人民期望，更必須建構穩定堅實的憲政秩序。
職此，本文主要的目的即在於探討如何設計中央政府體制，期能藉此提升政府效能、謀求民主的穩定發展與國家的長治久安。為能精確探析中央政府體制設計之議題，共分三部分加以說明，首先說明我國憲法總統、行政院與立法院關係之演變；其次探討內閣制與總統制之特徵與優缺點；最後則提出有關中央政府體制之建議。期能藉此持續提升國家競爭力，為臺灣奠立永續的發展基礎。

關鍵字

憲政改革 ； 內閣制 ； 總統制 ； 中央政府體制 ； 台灣永續發展

並列摘要

The Constitution stands as the supreme legal basis of a nation and it is closely relevant to safeguard in human rights. There are six rounds of constitutional amendment in the past, but the completely unanimity is lack for designing a central governmental system. Indeed, the central governmental system will be a project of grand scale having significant influence. Faced with challenges from the new century, it is important to push positively the central government system. Therefore, the proposed constitutional reform project must correspond with the expectations of the people and establish the solid constitutional order.
Based these anticipation, the paper aims to probe how to design the central government system. By doing so, we can enhance governmental effectiveness, pursuing steady democracy development, fostering long-term stability and prosperity of nation. In order to precisely explore the issues of designing central governmental system, there are three sections discussed. Firstly, the relations of President, the Executive Yuan and the Legislative Yuan will be illustrated. Secondly, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantage between the cabinet system and presidential system will be specified. Finally, the suggestion for designing central governmental system will be proposed. Through this suggestion, we will continue to promote competitive capability and pave the way for Taiwan's sustainable development.

並列關鍵字

constitutional reform project ； the cabinet system ； the presidential system ； the central government system ； Taiwan's sustainable development