特產節慶的神聖空間與觀光地方

國內近十多年來，由地方特產所發展出的節慶活動，爭奇鬥豔景象，直可以新興運動來形容，然這些習以節、祭名之的嘉年華會式活動，卻也因創意漸失而開始出現盛極而衰徵兆。對此現象背景原因，學術界多認為是不當設計規劃，致紀念主軸失焦、主題農特產品質下降，及其它補助款縮減和地方參與度不足等問題所造成，本文則認為是地方參與者漠視節慶的宗教意涵與豐富在地性所致。據此，本研究以岡山羊肉文化節為田野觀察個案，提出兩觀點：1.地方特產的風土意義再現－喚起觀光客對觀光地方的反身實踐與在地認同；2.脈絡化節慶特產食物－建構一具舞台真實性之閥限想像的神聖空間。以上兩點表意出「宗教上地方」、「觀光上地方」的同時存在性意義。

關鍵字

節慶；特產；地方；真實性；宗教觀光

並列摘要

Locally developed specialty-themed festivals have since 1990s become so competitive for tourist attraction, which can be deemed as an emerging movement in Taiwan. However, the glamour of these festival-entitled or carnival-like events also appears to fade away due to their gradually dulled creativity. Most of academia believes that inappropriate planning, declining quality of themed agricultural products, tightening subsidies, and unsatisfactory local participation are to be blamed. However, this study argues that festival organizers/participants' neglect of religious meanings and local features at the festival sites contributes to their declines. To verify these arguments, a field study focusing on Gang-Shan Mutton Culture Festival was undertaken and two points of view were suggested as references for future specialty-themed festivals. First, organizers could construct an authentic sacred space on stage by contextualizing festival food in order to manifest the authentic meaning of festival. Second, organizers could provoke tourists' reflexivity and identification with local tourist places by representing tourist terroir from local specialties. These two suggestions reflect the significance of the coexistence of both religious and tourist places.