This paper aims to disclose the recent social turn of language learning. It consists of three main parts: (1) literacy, (2) discourse, and (3) second language learning. The first section involves the research on literacy, focusing on the movement from the Great Divide theory to social literacy. The second part traces the changes of the concept of discourse, including discourse as text, discourse as genre, and discourse as a social practice. The final session sketches second language learning research, fleshing out the social background, situated learning, and social identities. All in all, the literature review aims to better the educators' and policy makers' understanding of the social aspects of second language learning.