論真德秀《大學》研究的傳承與新變─以《大學衍義》為核心

真德秀為南宋晚期私淑朱子的大儒，他推崇朱子並且有系統的闡發朱子思想，在他的努力下朱學擺脫偽黨禁錮再度成為學術之正宗，並深為統治者重視。本文以真德秀《大學衍義》、《大學集編》、經筵講義中的〈進大學衍義表〉、〈進讀大學卷子〉、〈進讀大學章句手記〉及〈西山問答〉中探討《大學》的相關文獻為主要研究材料，以《文章正宗》等著作作為研究的輔助材料，期以呈現真德秀《大學》解經的傳承與新變。研究發現真德秀與朱子的共同特徵是展現了理學的觀點與內涵，此為繼承之處；而強調經世致用的實用性，並以鎔鑄經史的方式解經，則開創了「衍義體」的詮釋體例，彌縫前人未盡之處，賦予《大學衍義》鮮明的政治色彩。

關鍵字

真德秀；大學衍義；大學集編；大學詮釋；衍義

並列摘要

Jen De-Shiou was a Confucian scholar studying personally under Master Zhu Xi during the late Southern Song Dynasty . He highly praised Zhu Xi and systematically expounded and propagated thoughts of Zhu Xi in his efforts to get rid of pseudo-theory and confinement, once again such thoughts became authentic academic standard and seriously attracted the rulers' attention. This paper primarily studies Jen De-Shiou's ＂Deduction from Daxue＂ , ＂Integrated Edition of Daxue＂, ＂Submitted Manifesto of Entering Deduction from Daxue＂ and ＂Submitted Recitation of Daxue Volume＂ and ＂Submitted Recitation of Daxue Chapters and Handwritten Note＂ compiled in ＂Lectures for Teaching Emperors＂ plus the literature related to ＂Daxue＂ explored by ＂Questions and Answers about Hsihsan＂, and researches the creations including ＂Authentic Article Standard＂ as auxiliary materials to present the inheritance and new changes of Jen De-Shiou’s interpretation of classics. The study found that the common feature of Jen De-Shiou and Zhu Xi was the demonstration of the point of view and connotations of logics, this was referring to inheritance; and it emphasized the usefulness of humanistic pragmatism, and construed classics by means of deduction and induction on classics and history, it created an interpretation mode of ＂derivative style＂, and built bridges between the previous deficiencies, giving the ＂Deduction from Daxue＂ a bright political overtone..