1960年代普普藝術的現代意識

The Modern Consciousness in the 1960s Pop Art

黃翊欣(I-Hsin Huang)

《藝術論壇》 3期 (2005/05) Pp. 249-279

https://doi.org/10.6236/JAF.200505_(3).0010

摘要

本文藉由爬梳最具有全球化特質的普普藝術的脈絡和因素，試圖處理「現代人的思考方式，以及「人們為什麼會相信他們所相信的？」的問題。根據傅柯的說法，進入歷史時代的現代人具有歷史意識，普普藝術的起源和歷史共構建立在媒材、形式物件的運用和繼承，而這個媒材正是由於工業革命和科技發展的社會條件下，由機械生產而成的結果。每個時代的人，思考方式都脫離不了時空的環境因素，社會條件形塑人的有限性，機械帶來不只是媒材本身，也所帶來靈感，因此我思與非思在創作過程中同時體現，並利用大眾文化提供想像。普普藝術的圖像和形式取材自日常生活經驗，卻非完全與現實一致，呈現經驗與先驗的互證。媒材的突破和運用，已經現代藝術追求進步的手段，套用MacLuhan的理論；「媒介就是訊息」。媒材和物件在現代藝術上運用，使媒材本身就傳達了內容，藝術作品的形式就是內容。傳柯認為，真理是言談加上權力的結果。現代社會鋪天蓋地的傳播媒體就是權力機制之一，深切影響現代人的思考和認知方式。
另一文面，科技的進步使現代生活與報紙、廣告、電視、廣播、電影等大眾傳播媒介緊密相連，普普藝術即以大眾傳播為取材對象，在資本主義推手下，擁抱媚俗的大眾文化。而當大眾文化使人成為單一面向、營造現代人的虛假意識，收編民俗文化與損傷精緻文化時，又不斷有前衛藝術採取反抗的態度，以疏離的姿態出現，形成藝術的有機循環。

關鍵字

形式 ； 媒材 ； 機械 ； 認識型 ； 大眾傳播 ； 資本主義

並列摘要

By way of the global characteristics of the comminicating webs and factors of Pop Art, this article deals with the problem of ”modern way of thinking” and ”why people believe in what they believe in”.
According to Michel Foucault, era-marking human beings possess the senses of historical events. The origination and history of Pop Art has been built on multi-application and partaking of media mateiral, physical objetc. Such media material was invented under the social surroundings of industrial revolution and development of technology, a product of machinery application. At all times, human being thinking can not be isolated from the surrounding factors of time and space, and the limited room due from social confinement on human beings. The application of machinery equipment creates not only media material but also different thinking patterns. Therefore comes in the process the co-existence of Cogito and Unthought and the creation of imagination in form of public culture.
The images and styles of Pop Art are often taken from daily life experince, which may not exactly comformed with reality, therefore, emerged in a co-existence of ”empiricalness” and ”transcendentalness”. The break-through and application of media material has enhanced during its progress the improvement of pursuing modern art, in term of MacLuhan's theory, ”media is message”. The application of media material and objects on modern art has promulgated its own contents. The ideas of a piece of art are being represented by its own content. Michel Foucault believes that truth is the fruition of words and power. The omni-present media is resaulted from power machenism, which has tremendous impact on thinking and learning for human beings of modern days.
On the other hand, the ever-lasting advancement on technology modern life co-relating to and inter-linking intensively among multi-media such as newspapers, advertisements, radios, TVs and movies etc. Naturally, pop artists obtain their objects from such multi-media under the influence of capitalism and human desire. While the public culture has mad human beings to focus one-dimensionaly on creating contemporary and faulse consciousness, there arises the defense from people who protest in an isolated manner by sticking to ”vanguard art” with a view to conforming to the traditional art and culture, hence on-going organic cyclization of art forms is being brought about.

並列關鍵字

form ； media ； machine ； èpistèmè ； mass communication ； capitalism