閻錫山與西安事變

閻錫山在西安事變中扮演了舉足輕重的角色。閻錫山以晉省自身利益為依歸，力主和平解決，規勸張、楊「釋蔣」，並受託肩負調停之責，對於西安事變的和平收場起了旁敲側擊的作用。事發後，閻錫山嚴詞質問張楊發動「兵諫」的正當性，予西安當局以當頭棒喝；閻錫山決定派員入陝斡旋，並提出其代表須能「單獨謁蔣面談」之條件，使張學良甚感不悅，張、閻二人的互動關係乃戛然而止。在西安事變餘波中，閻錫山見潼關談判多日仍無進展，致電楊虎城，請「以國家民族為前提」，暗潮洶湧的陝甘局勢，乃急轉直下。本文旨在運用國史館藏《閻錫山檔案》，並參酌坊間出版之相關《日記》、《回憶錄》、專著論文等，分別就事變前張、閻如何聯袂諫蔣抗日、事發後閻錫山如何規勸張、楊釋蔣並受託肩負調停重任，在西安事變餘波中閻錫山如何規勸楊虎城接受中央命令，並請西安將領督率所部依指定地點移防等課題作一探討，且試圖分析閻錫山在西安事變中的地位和影響。

關鍵字

蔣中正；張學良；楊虎城；閻錫山；西安事變

並列摘要

Yen Hsi-shan played a very important role in the Sian Incident. With a view to promote the interests and benefits of Shanhsi province, Yen proposed a peaceful measure to deal with the incident. He advised Chang Hsueh-liang and Yang Hu-cheng to release Chiang, and was entrusted with the responsibility to negotiate, winding up the incident with peace and grace. Later, Yen severely questioned the appropriateness of Chang and Yang's ”military admonition,” giving a heavy blow to Sian side. Yen decided to send his men to enter Shanhsi, urging them to be ”able to see Chiang alone.” This act infuriated Chang, terminating the interactions between the two of them. As Yen saw little prospect in the Tung-kuan Negotiation, he telegraphed Yang Hu-cheng, asking him ”to put the nation and the people afore.” As a result, the Shan-Kan problem finally calmed down. This paper uses the Archives of Yen Hsi-shan in Academia Historica and many other published materials to discuss the role Yen played in the Sian Incident, with special references to (1) how Chang and Yen worked together to advise Chiang to resist the Japanese invasion, (2) how Yen persuaded Chang and Yang to release Chiang, (3) how Yen talked Yang into taking orders from the Central Government, and (5) how Yen asked the Sian generals to defend for the nation. In a word, this paper tries to pinpoint the importance of Yen in the Sian Incident.