國營初現－治時期臺灣汽車運輸業發展的一個轉折

臺灣總督府的陸上交通政策由於受到日本國內「鐵路萬能」觀念的影響，持續置重點於鐵路之興築。1925年，生野團六接任交通局長，鐵路政策走向「改主建從」，國有鐵路揮別創業、擴張時代，進入改良時代。希望能積極全方位地改良鐵路，解決長年「速成主義」政策下的遺害，遂暫時擱置環島鐵路計畫，代之以汽車運輸來完成環島交通。面對汽車運輸的強烈衝擊，交通局除了積極改良國鐵、發展島內外交通設施間的聯運業務之外，1930年提出汽車運輸國營計畫，年增設自動車課掌理國營汽車事業，學習日本國內經驗，積極推動汽車運輸國營計畫。臺、日兩地官方推進國營計畫時的橫暴態度實無二致，引起業者和輿論強烈反彈。就路線選擇和補償方法觀之，臺灣總督府國營計畫之不顧民業，實較日本國內爲甚。臺灣總督府交通局鐵道部的國營巴士，在一定程度上可謂是躍過汽車運輸業發展的艱苦期，而坐享民業開拓之成果；民營事業面對國家政策的強力執行，只能無助地成爲犧牲品。

關鍵字

日治時期；道路；交通；汽車運輸；國營

並列摘要

Under the influence of Japanese domestic conception that railway is an efficient available transportation vehicle, thus the surface transportation policy of the Genral Governor of Taiwan continued to focus on the construction of railways. In, Syouno Dannroku acceded to the head of the Bureau of Transportation, and the policy of railways was redirected to prefer improvement to construction. Accordingly, the government-run railways transferred from the creative and expansionary stages to the improvement stage. Syouno Dannroku intended to wholly improve the railways to resolve the problems resulting from the quick-spread policy. The project of Taiwan-belt railways was thus temporarily suspended and replaced by the motor car to complete the belt transportation. Facing the impact of motor transport, the transportation authorities were actively engaged in the improvement of government-run railways, as well as the joint running of internal and external transportation of Taiwan. The plan of government-owned motor transport was put forward in 0. In, the Motor Division was set up in charge of the project of state-owned motor transport, and it benefited from the experience of Japan. However, both the authorities in Taiwan and Japan executed a repressive policy to push forward the plan; therefore, it caused the opposition of both places. In terms of the selection of routes and the compensation methods in the project, it showed that the Genral Governor of Taiwan executed more unfavored policy to the Taiwanese private enterprise than Japan toward its private enterprise. By looking into the motor transport's nationalization process, we can conclude that the governmental motor transport, managed by the Railway Office of the Transportation Bureau of the Taiwanese Palace of Governor-General, was able to conquer the difficult stage by enjoying the fruits of the private enterprise. The private enterprise became the helpless prey when it suffered from the enforced execution of the national policy.