從自主到統一－抗戰前期大學入學考試的發展(1938-1940)

民初未有統一的大學入學考試制度，各校招生方式未盡公平，其考試內容又多與中學教育脫節，使得青年學生升學困難，導致當時學潮頻仍；且因大學招生未設統一標準，各校各自爲政，招生浮濫，深爲時人所詬病。及至國民政府時期，在逐步統一教育權的過程中，首先恢復中小學畢業會考，此意謂中央權威開始介入地方教育。唯國民政府對此期大學入學的招生考試尚無力插手，儘管國聯教育考察團提出大學招生應採統一考試的建議，然受限於諸般條件，統一考試仍未能實施。抗戰初期，由於主、客觀環境發展的結果，大學校院開始採行入學統一考試。從客觀條件而言，戰時學校內遷，許多原本散居各地之大學乃齊集大後方；且因交通中斷，考生亦無法四處奔波應試；同時，戰時採行公費制度，國民政府對大學及青年學生的控制相對提高；再則，經由主其事者的大力倡導，大學入學統一考試遂得以成形。

關鍵字

大學入學；大學入學考試；大學聯考；高等教育；抗戰

並列摘要

Before 1938, there was no Joint College Entrance Examination in China. Due to the non-uniform standards of college enrollment, some unqualified students were still recruited, and the contemporaries criticized it. In 1932, the report of Experts' Investigation Group of International Culture Cooperation Committee suggested that the central government should put the joint college entrance examination into practice to ensure the quality of college enrollment. However, limited by a variety of reasons, central government couldn't adopt the suggestion until 1938. There were four reasons in carrying out the policy. First, a great number of the schools were moved to the southwest China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Second, students couldn't join the college entrance examination on account of disruption of transportation. Third, the central government relatively controlled over the activities of the universities and students. Last, because of advocacy by the authorities.