宋人詩集之刊行與詩分唐宋－兼論印刷傳媒對宋詩體派之推助

雕版印刷崛起繁榮於宋代，與寫本藏本爭輝爭勝，蔚為宋代博觀厚積、注重讀書之文風，助長宋詩特色之形成，提供唐宋變革之觸媒，「詩分唐宋」自當以印刷傳媒作為催化劑。本文論述宋詩別集在宋代之雕版印行，發現騷人墨客之審美品味，攸關圖書市場之好惡取捨，而圖書版刻質量之優劣多寡，大抵與詩集選集傳播接受之寬廣度有關，更與宋詩之發展嬗變垺鼓相應。宋詩名家大家，如王禹偁、蘇舜欽、梅堯臣為宋詩特色之先導；歐陽脩、王安石、蘇軾、黃庭堅為宋詩宋調之建構；陳師道、陳與義、范成大、楊萬里、陸游，見江西詩風之嬗變；邵雍、朱熹詩歌，得理障理趣之消長；劉克莊、戴復古二家，知宋詩宋調之變奏；凡曾影響當代，流傳後世者，其圖書傳播除寫本、鈔本外，又皆有頗多之雕版印本作為圖書傳媒。宋人選刊宋代詩文總集，從審美品味與商品經濟，亦可考察宋詩體派之流衍，如《西崑酬唱集》之於西崑體，《三蘇先生文粹》、《坡門酬唱集》之於東坡體，《江西宗派詩集》之於江西詩派，《四靈詩選》之於四靈詩派，《江湖集》前、後、續集，《兩宋名賢小集》、《詩家鼎臠》之於江湖詩派，《瀛奎律髓》之於一祖三宗。雕版刊行，因有「易成、難毀、節費、便藏」之優長，以及化身千萬，無遠弗屆之利多，相較於寫本鈔本，印刷傳媒遂快速成為知識傳播之利器。

關鍵字

印刷傳媒；宋詩體派；宋刊宋人詩集；詩分唐宋；圖書傳播

並列摘要

The engraving technique, as a means of circulation of books, emerges and reaches its apogee during the Sung Dynasty and replaced the laboriously made written copies. Due to the accessibility of books, scholars of the Sung Dynasty are renowned for their erudition, which in turn accelerates the formation of the poetic style of Sung. Eventually, this phenomenon becomes the genesis for the revolution in both the Tang and Sung Dynasty. Consequently, the printing media is the catalyst for the demarcation of poetry within the Tang and Sung Dynasty. While investigating the circulation of the engraved printing of the Sung poetry’s special collection, I discover that the aesthetics taste of writers depends largely on the demand of the book market; whilst the quality of the printed books is affected not only by the reader's reception of the poetry collection, but by the development of the Sung poetry as well. Poets such as Wang Yuchen, Su Shunqui, and Mei Yaochen are pioneers of the features of the Sung poetry. As for Ou Yangxui, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, and Huang Tingjian are poets who contributes to the formation of the poetic style of Sung. Chen Shidao, Chen Yuyi, Fan Chengda, Yang Wanli, and Lu You belong to the circle of Jiangxi poets. The poems by Shao Yong, Zhu Xi reveal the forces of rationality. Liu Kezhuang and Dai Fugu are famous for the evolution of the poetic style of Sung. The famous works which have survived since then are passed down through manual copies, but mostly through engraved printing copies. Judging from the aesthetic taste and market economy of collections of poetry and essays during the Sung Dynasty, one is able to understand too the evolution of the poetic style of Sung. For instance, Xikunchouchang Collection belongs to the ”Xikun style”, and Sansuxiansheng Selected Literary Works is classified as ”Dongpo style”; Siling Selected Poems belongs to ”Siling style”. Because of the advantages of the engraved books-easy to produce, difficult to eliminate, cost effective, and convenient for collection, which are much more better compared with the written copies in terms of circulation and dissemination, the printing media has become a convenient tool for knowledge-spreading.