詩與時：陶詩與中古時間詞語

本文探討《楚辭》之後中古時間觀的特質，環繞陶淵明近五十個詞語展開細緻的考掘，認為中古時間最顯著的特徵就是存有時間，援引晚近漢語學界關於時間體貌(aspectuality)的研究，並以海德格(Martin Heidegger)、列維納斯(Emmanuel Levinas)等當代存有論思潮進行後設反思，區分為六種時間體貌：持續、循環、流逝、發生（開始）、沈沒（結束）、偶然。本文穿梭在語言、詩歌、哲學之間，從上古、中古、近世等宏觀歷史分期著眼，描繪一張中古時間觀的草圖，剖析其時間結構及感知特徵。全文旨在闡述中古時期「詩」與「時」的獨特關係，進而觀察陶淵明的時間意識及其發展歷程，特別是晚期詩歌轉向偶然與他者，提出新的閱讀與詮釋。

關鍵字

存有；時間；體貌；陶淵明；海德格；中古詞語

並列摘要

This paper investigates distinguishing characteristics of medieval concepts of time after Chu-ci examining and exploring meticulously about fifty literary terms in Tao Yuanming's works. We believe that the most noticeable characteristic of medieval concepts of time is time of Being. Therefore, after considering the investigations of the aspectuality of time in modern Chinese linguistics, as well as modern thoughts of the Being of Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas, and so on, we distinguish six kinds of time aspectuality: duration, circulation, elapsing, occurrence (beginning), sinking (ending), and fortuitousness. By searching among language, poetry, and philosophy, and focusing on the macroscopic historical stages of ancient, medieval, and modern times, this paper depicts a sketch of medieval concepts of time and analyzes their constructions as well as characteristics of consciousness. The main points and aimed achievements of this paper are: elaborating the unique relationship between poetry and time in medieval times, observing the consciousness of time and its development in Tao Yuanming's literary works, especially those poetry turning to describing fortuitousness and others in his later period, and providing a new method of reading and interpretation.