道南與湖湘－朱熹《四書章句集注》義理進程分析

Daonan and Huxiang-Analysis of the Process of the Principles in Zhu Xi's "Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books" (Sishu zhangju jizhu)

陳逢源(Feng-Yuan Chen)

《東華漢學》 15期 (2012/06) Pp. 89-129

https://doi.org/10.6999/DHJCS.201206.0089

摘要

楊時「氣柔」、謝良佐「氣剛」，所傳道南與湖湘兩系各走一端，於儒學各自經營，成為南宋最重要之學術流派，朱熹從道南到湖湘，從「靜」入「敬」，又以「敬」攝「靜」，由本體以見工夫，又由工夫以見本體，完成工夫論的思考，於儒學心性、本體，終於有清楚的觀察。從佛入儒是朱熹標示儒學事業的開始，「中和」新說確立二程學術之究竟，無疑是理學事業的完成，往復之間，朱熹融鑄超越，用心至微，不僅匯整兩系心法，也逐步完成四書體系的建構，《四書章句集注》保留朱熹諸多思考，檢覈其中，得見朱熹承繼與發展方向，從義理講論而及經義的思考，遂有進一步檢證的依據。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 四書 ； 道南之學 ； 湖湘之學 ； 理學

並列摘要

Yang Shi stood for feminineness, which became one of the Confucian systems, named Daonan, while Xie Liang-Zuo stood for virility, which became another of the Confucian systems, named Huxiang. These two systems were two of the most important academic schools of Confucianism in South Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi pursued his study from Daonan to Huxiang. In fact, he first understood esteem through tranquility and then subdued tranquility by esteem. In other words, he made the substance and skills (gongfu) reveal each other and accomplished the theory of skill through observing mind and substance in Confucianism. The beginning of Zhu's Confucian study is from Buddhism to Confucianism. The hybrid of these two isms established the foundation of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao's academics, which was the fulfillment of Philosophy of Principle (lixue). Zhu not only assembled and marshaled the way of mind (xinfa) in these two systems attentively but also constructed the system of the Four Books step by step. A lot of Zhu's thoughts were kept in the ”Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books” (Sishu zhangju jizhu). As a result, we can discover the origin of Zhu's study and the orientation of his expansion through looking into the discourse of ordinance and reflection upon the principles in the ”Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books”.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi ； The four books ； Daonan study ； Huxiang study ； the philosophy of principle (lixue)