【特邀稿】漢代經學所開顯二種「詮釋典範」及其在現代人文學的應用

晚清以降，中國新知識分子追求現代化。現代化所循途徑，對內「反傳統」，對外以「西化」為主軸；故西學如潮湧入，而傳統亦為之漸行漸遠。近現代以來，中國古典人文學術研究，學者於經典能涵泳日久而博通深悟者愈少；相對的，淺識文本表層語義，即雜取硬套西方理論或詮釋框架以游談浮說者愈多，卻沾沾以新潮自詡，以致現當代中國人文學術已罹患「文化主體失位」之惡疾，而淪為西學的殖民地。為除此弊，我近二十年來，秉持「中國古典人文學之詮釋視域的迴向與典範重構」的觀念，從套用西學的「外造建構」視域，轉向回歸自身民族文化深廣內層的視域；提出「內造建構」的學術改造工程，以揭明中國傳統文化經典文本中，涵具研究對象本體論、知識本質論與方法論的深層義涵；而為中國古典人文學術重構若干可資應用的基礎理論，至今已累積頗多成果。本文延續此一「內造建構」的學術工程，以漢代董仲舒《春秋繁露》與鄭玄之經學做為對照性的「詮釋典範」，從「詮釋目的」與「詮釋態度」、「真理本質觀」與「文本型態觀」、「詮釋原則」與「操作方法」這六大構成要素，系統化的重構這兩種典範的「詮釋模式」，以資應用於現當代的中國古典人文學術研究，則經典詮釋的理論基礎及其方法又何須套借西學！

關鍵字

漢代經學；詮釋典範；董仲舒；春秋繁露；鄭玄經學

並列摘要

Since the late Qing Dynasty, Chinese new intellectuals have pursued modernization. The measures of modernization are based on internal ＂anti-tradition＂ and external ＂westernization＂; hence, western studies were significantly introduced and tradition successively declined. In contemporary Chinese classical humanity research, fewer scholars could master and explore the classics. on the contrary, more researchers carelessly applied western theories or interpretation framework to boast their arguments after simply absorbing the superficial meanings of texts. They posed as modern ones. Thus, modern Chinese humanities lost ＂cultural subject＂ and became the colony of western studies. In order to cope with this problem, in recent twenty years, based on the concept ＂return and paradigm reconstruction of interpretation perspective of Chinese classical humanities＂, from western vision of ＂external construction＂, the author turns to in-depth perspective of Chinese culture and proposes academic reconstruction of ＂internal construction＂ to present profound meanings of ontology of research subjects, knowledge essentialism and methodology in texts of Chinese traditional cultural classics. The author has accumulated the basic theories to be applied to reconstruct Chinese classical humanities. This study extends the academic ＂internal construction＂ and adopts Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals of Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty and Zheng Xuan's Confucian Classics as comparison ＂interpretation paradigm＂, based on six elements, ＂interpretation purpose＂ and ＂interpretation attitude＂, ＂truth and essence＂ and ＂text style＂, ＂interpretation principle＂ and ＂operational method＂, it systematically reconstructs ＂interpretation model＂ of the said paradigms to apply it to modern Chinese traditional humanity research. Hence, it is not necessary to apply western theoretical bases and methods to interpret the classics!