西漢初期劉邦統治政權與儒生的互動－衝突與合作

本文的聚焦點乃是透過分析與詮釋儒生與劉邦集團的互動，在衝突中建立合作關係的複雜歷程。儒生在與劉邦（256-195B.C.）集團互動中，是在排斥的過程中不斷地自我調整。為了尋找實踐政治理想的場域，他們自覺地轉換身份，然而在成為劉邦集團一員後，並無法消解既有的偏見。為此，儒生透過學說內部的重新詮釋，承認自身在「逆取」、「進取」層面的不足，並指出「文武並治」，從古代事物汲取養分，才是確保漢帝國的久治的方案被統治階層接受，達成兩者的基本共識。直至叔孫通透過起朝儀的途徑，將抽象的文治思想具體實踐，展示儒家禮儀在政治結構裡的功能性，凸顯儒生在「順守」、「守成」的作用，回應劉邦尋求治國的「長久之術」。至此，劉邦統治政權透過官職委任，正式確立兩者的合作關係。最終公開祭祀孔子，向中央以外的統治勢力底下，昭告儒學在政治結構存在的合理性，才正式象徵著統治政權與儒生合作關係明朗化的開始。

關鍵字

劉邦集團；統治政權；儒生；叔孫通；儒家

並列摘要

The focus of this article is on the complex process of establishing cooperative relationships in conflicts through the interaction of Confucian scholars and Early Han Imperial Authority. Based on the social concept of the Qin and Han Dynasty and the prejudice caused by Liu Bang's experience, Confucian scholar;s have been self-adjusting in the process of rejection and acceptance with Liu Bang (劉邦) group's. Before they became one of the member of them, Confucian scholars consciously changed their identities and could not effectively eliminate the prejudice. The attempt to become a member of them through identity transformation facing the failure. Therefore, Confucian scholars admitted they are not much use when one is marching to conquest, but they able to keeping what has already been won. They pointed out to pay due attention to both civil and military affairs, learn experience from ancients, is the way for a dynasty to achieve long life. The view accepted by the Liu Bang Group's, which means the basic consensus has been built between the two groups. Until Shu-sun T'ung (叔孫通) revised the palace ceremony, it showed the function of rituals, Liu Bang admitted the Confucian scholars can perform in the politics, formally established the cooperative relations between them. In the end, the sacrifice of Confucius officially symbolizes the beginning of a clear relationship between the ruling regime and Confucian scholars.