中國古代士人階層「詩式社會文化行為」的實踐情境結構

The Structure of Practical Situation in ＂Poetry as a Sociocultural Act＂ among the Ancient Chinese Intellectual Stratum

顏崑陽(Kun-Yang Yen)

《東華漢學》 34期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-71

摘要

本論文經由反思批判「五四」以降，挪借西方「純文學」觀念以詮釋、評價中國古代詩歌的偏誤視域；而轉向、提出「詩用學」的新視域，揭開中國古代士人階層「詩式社會文化行為」所身處的「世界」。中國古代士人階層極少「為作詩而作詩」，根本沒有「純文學」的觀念及產物；詩，就是一種「社會文化互動行為」的特殊「語言形式」，因此「如何用詩」才是他們創作詩歌的主要動機、目的；而非只為「背離實用」的「純粹審美」而作詩。這個士人階層「詩式社會文化行為」所身處的「世界」，絕非西方文藝心理學在理論上所說，一個沒有民族歷史文化性與區域社會性的實質內容，而純粹只是背離實用、虛作直覺審美想像的心理世界。這個「世界」充滿著中國的民族歷史文化性與區域社會性，乃是一個多重層的「實踐情境結構」。本論文的主題就是意在經由豐多的文本分析，以建置此一多重層「實踐情境結構」的「世界」。整體系統非常複雜，本論文已做出完密的展現。

關鍵字

士人階層 ； 詩式社會文化行為 ； 實踐情境結構 ； 常態情境 ； 特殊情境

並列摘要

Since the May Fourth Movement, the interpretation and criticism of classical Chinese poetry has been based on a biased perspective borrowed and appropriated from the Western concept of ＂pure literature.＂ This article, while reflecting and critiquing on this biased standpoint, would suggest and turn to a novel perspective of ＂poetic pragmatics＂ and reveal a ＂world＂ of ＂poetry as a sociocultural act＂ among the ancient Chinese intellectuals. Rarely did ancient Chinese intellectuals compose ＂poetry for poetry's sake;＂ for them, the idea and production of ＂pure literature＂ did not exist. Poetry itself is always a unique ＂linguistic form＂ of an interactive act between society and culture; therefore, ＂how to put poetry into use,＂ rather than merely being ＂purely aesthetic＂ by ＂deviating from pragmatism,＂ would serve as their main intention and purpose to create poetry. In addition, this ＂world＂ of ＂poetry as a sociocultural act＂ among the intellectuals is by no means a mental world without substantial contents of ethnic culture and history as well as regional sociality, or one that simply deviates from pragmatism and engages in illusory imagination of instinctive aesthetics, as often indicated in literary psychology theory of the West. On the contrary, filled with ethnic historic-cultural quality and regional sociality, this ＂world＂ of the Chinese intellectuals is really a multilayered ＂structure of practical situation.＂ The subject matter of this article aims to construct such a ＂world＂ of a multilayered ＂structure of practical situation＂ with ample textual analysis. Highly complicated as the entire system of such ＂world＂ may seem, it has been carefully examined and thoroughly demonstrated in this article.

並列關鍵字

intellectual stratum ； poetry as a sociocultural act ； structure of practical situation ； generic situation ； particular situation

參考文獻

（漢）孔安國傳，（唐）孔穎達疏，《尚書注疏》。臺北：藝文印書館，1973。Kong, Anguo and Yingda Kong. Shangshu zhushu (Commentaries on the Book of Documents). Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 1973.

（魏）王弼、韓康伯注，（唐）孔穎達疏，《周易注疏》。臺北：藝文印書館，1973。Wang, Bi, et al. Zhouyi zhushu (Commentaries on the Zhou Book of Changes). Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 1973.

（漢）毛亨傳，鄭玄箋，（唐）孔穎達疏，《詩經注疏》，臺北：藝文印書館，1973。Mao, Heng, et al. Shijing zhushu (Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry). Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 1973.

（漢）鄭玄注，（唐）孔穎達疏，《周禮注疏》。臺北：藝文印書館，1973。Zheng, Xuan and Yingda Kong. Zhouli zhushu (Commentaries on the Rites of Zhou). Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 1973.

（漢）鄭玄注，（唐）孔穎達疏，《儀禮注疏》。臺北：藝文印書館，1973。Zheng, Xuan and Yingda Kong. Yili zhushu (Commentaries on the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial). Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 1973.