從文章學文化論賀貽孫的文論、文章與詩、騷評述

A Discussion on He Yi-Sun's Article Theories, Articles, and Criticisms and Discussions of Poems and The Verses of Chu from the Aspect of the the Article Study

陳志信(Chih-Hsin Chen)

《東華漢學》 37期 (2023/06) Pp. 1-47

摘要

本文是在關切文章學文化與士人間關係的前提下，展開對賀貽孫（1605－1688）其人其事的研究。經梳理相關文獻，我們很清楚看到賀氏以修習舉業為重心的學習歷程深受文章學文化諸因素影響，像是：取法大家文的家學、籠罩家鄉吉安府的陽明學氛圍，還有嘗親炙舉業聞人方應祥（1561－1628）的經歷；這些都讓他的學習秉持住學文養氣、修道垂文的正道。爾後因結社南昌的機緣，讓他的文章志業貼近江右大家艾南英（1583－1646）的路子，論文遂高舉「以古文為時文」的旗幟，力倡須掌握大家文神髓；而他的文章也以能駕馭各家章法並銷融前人文章神理著稱。又他對詩歌的興趣始於對戲曲的喜好，後因身世感慨而肆力寫詩。然同樣因為結社機遇，遂讓他在萬時華（1590－1639）等社友的引導下踵武竟陵詩家路數，力圖透過詩、騷評述厚植自家詩學素養；而他的講評濡染文章學色彩的現象，則反映該時文章學嘗發揮巨大的影響。總之，賀氏的文學事業確為文章學文化產物，他的論著也成為足以證明該文化成就的力作。

關鍵字

賀貽孫 ； 文人結社 ； 文章學文化 ； 以古文為時文 ； 中晚明文學批評

並列摘要

The article carries out a study of the person He Yi-Sun (1605-1688) and his activities under the premise of paying attention to the relationship between the literati and the culture of the article study. After sorting out and analyzing relevant literature, we can clearly see that He's learning process with eight-legged articles as its focus was deeply influenced by many factors of the article study's culture. For example, He gained knowledge of literary masters' articles from his father and grandfather, the atmosphere of Yang-Ming school pervaded his hometown Ji-An District, and he directly learned from Fang Ying-Xiang (1561-1628), a well-known scholar of eight-legged articles. These experiences made his learning stay on the right path of studying articles, cultivating qi and Dao, and transmitting articles to later generations. Later, an opportunity of forming a society in Nanchang drew his writing undertaking close to the writing theories of Ai Nan-Ying (1583-1646), an eight-legged article master from Lin-Chuan County. Thus, when discussing eight-legged articles, he raised the banner of "writing eight-legged articles with classical prose" and advocated mastering the charms of literary master's articles. He was also known for being able to master the organizations of various literary masters' articles and integrate charms of his predecessors' articles. In addition, his interest in poetry began with his liking for Chinese opera and later he endeavored to write poems owning to his sorrow for the setbacks in his life. Because of the society formation opportunity, he was also led by Wan Shi-Hua (1590-1639) and other society members to follow Jing-Ling school poets' writing theories and tried to increase greatly his poetic knowledge through criticizing and discussing poems and The Verses of Chu. The phenomenon that his criticisms and discussions contained features of the article study reflects that the article study exerted great influence at that time. In short, He's literary undertaking is indeed a product of the article study's culture and his treatises have become masterpieces that can prove the achievements of this culture.

並列關鍵字

He Yi-Sun ； the literati formed societies ； culture of the article study ； writing eight-legged articles with classical prose ； literary criticism in middle and late Ming dynasty

參考文獻

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