國會監督與公民社會

Civil Society and Congress Watch

顧忠華(Chung-Hwa Ku)

《臺灣民主季刊》 5卷1期 (2008/03) Pp. 181-189

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200803.0181

摘要

台灣第七屆立法委員選舉採取單一選區兩票制的新制度，並由國民黨贏得將近四分之三的席次，形成一黨獨大的局面，這使得國會未來的動向是否會完全以政黨利益爲依歸，或是強烈受到立法委員個人利益所左右，已成爲社會關注焦點。而在總統大選前，發生國民黨四位立法委員挾持財政部長，強行闖入謝長廷競選總部，引發群眾包圍鼓噪事件，更令人憂心國會脫序現象是否會變成常態，沒有任何力量能夠加以約束，終至毀壞了民主政治的信任基礎。本文擬分別從「代表制」和「公民社會」的角度，論述台灣的公民們是否有可能藉由種種參與形式，發展出監督國會的社會運動，以彌補政黨政治在監督制衡方面的不足。本文回顧了戒嚴時期國會代表性的欠缺，以及憲政體制不明造成的權責不分困境，接著檢討立法院本身內規的不合理，和立法委員不夠自律帶來的亂象。最後介紹民間由五十個非營利組織組成之「公民監督國會聯盟」的主要訴求，同時也評估民間監督力量可能產生的影響。

關鍵字

代表制 ； 公民社會 ； 社會運動 ； 國會監督

並列摘要

The seventh Legislative Yuan elections in Taiwan applied the so-called single-seat districts replacing multiple representatives, and another ballot for political parties was added to determine the allotment to delegates-at-large (also the size of the body was cut in half). In this election, the Kuomintang has won nearly three-fourths of the seats, and the situation of one-party-domination in the Legislative Yuan has alarmed people regarding whether or not the Kuomintang will work against the interests of the people in pursuit of its own benefit. Even the possibility of individual legislators becoming greedier has been a cause for concern. Hence, the performance of the new Legislative Yuan should be closely watched by all those who care about Taiwan's political development, including civil society groups. In this article, I would like to review the historical background of the Legislative Yuan in order to explain why their performance has always fallen short of the public's expectations. I will also introduce the Alliance of Citizens Congress Watch, which was founded in January 2007 and is supported by over 40 non-profit organizations. This alliance has pushed institutional reform of the Legislative Yuan, such as providing more information on the legislative process, ending closed-door negotiations, and enacting sunshine laws. We believe every citizen will benefit from the results brought about by collective pressure to build up a better Legislative Yuan.

並列關鍵字

representative ； civil society ； social movement ； congress watch