資訊提供與立法院政治信任－使用IVOD的探索性研究

Providing Information for Citizen's Political Trust to Congress: An Exploratory Study through IVOD

王宏恩(Austin Horng-En Wang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 8卷3期 (2011/09) Pp. 161-197

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201109.0161

摘要

我國民眾對立法院政治信任逐年下降，過往文獻大多認爲此現象與立法委員們及立法院表現不佳有關，但此說法可能隱含『人民清楚了解立法院運作實況並進以評斷』之假設。傳播理論中『外在事實與腦中圖像』理論，暗示民眾對立法院評價的依據，並非親身接觸的事實，而是媒體再過濾後的資訊，民眾依此片段形成腦中對立法院的想像進以評價其信任。當民眾獲得更多立法院運作實況，是否會因而改變腦中圖像，更爲信任立法院？藉社團法人公民監督國會聯盟募集的170位參與立法院網際網路多媒體隨選視訊系統(IVOD)立委評鑑的民眾，本文以準實驗設計衡量這些主動參與的民眾看完4小時IVOD後對於立法院政治信任的改變。實證結果顯示，大部份的受試者觀看完某一委員會完整會議影片後，對立法院政治信任顯著提高。也對媒體的公正性產生懷疑，認爲媒體過往提供的資訊相較於影片內容並不完整。迴歸模型顯示，民眾對立法院政治信任的提升量與影片中立委平均表現有顯著的正相關。本文的研究結果，暗示了現階段調查民眾對於立法院的政治信任，可能只是『民眾是否信任媒體上的立法院形象』，而非『民眾是否信任立法院實際運作狀況』。本文的結果也加強了追求國會透明的正當性。

關鍵字

立法委員 ； 立法院 ； 政治信任 ； IVOD ； 準實驗設計 ； 外在事實與腦中圖像理論

並列摘要

Taiwan citizen's political trust toward Legislative Yuan has been decreasing since 1987. Previous researches attribute the decrease to bad behaviors and inefficiency in Legislative Yuan, but the explanation depends on an assumption that citizens indeed realize and then evaluate what happened in Congress. ”The World Outside and The Pictures in Our Heads” Theory indicates that people evaluate the Congress basing not on what they'd experienced by themselves, but on partial and biased information provided by mass media. Will people increase their trust to Legislative Yuan when they receive information about it? Thanks to the data from Citizen Congress Watch, this article finds out that Parliament Broadcast Internet Multimedia Video On Demand System (IVOD), which provides intact congressional video records to viewers, significantly in average enhances 170 viewers' trust toward Legislative Yuan, after they randomly watched 4 hours of committee meeting video. Regression analysis shows high correlation exists between Citizen's change of political trust and the average quality of legislators the citizen saw on IVOD. Therefore, this article infers that the decrease of political trust to Legislative Yuan in Taiwan might be because people do not receive what Legislative Yuan actually did. Besides, this article also ensures the importance and necessity of Congress Transparency.

並列關鍵字

Legislative Yuan ； Political Trust ； IVOD ； The World Outside and The Pictures In Our Heads

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