原住民族財產權之發展─以美洲人權法院Awas Tingni案為初始的思考

Reconceptualizing Indigenous Property Rights

蔡志偉Awi Mona(Chih-Wei Tsai)

《臺灣民主季刊》 8卷4期 (2011/12) Pp. 45-81

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201112.0051

摘要

國際原住民族權利發展上的一項顯著匯流，在於原住民族對其土地與自然資源權利之守護者角色，獲得國際法上的承認與支持。本文以美洲人權法院審理Awas Tingni v. Nicaragua乙案為例出發，從國際司法實務上探究原住民族藉由參與國際人權規範監測組織，具體陳述並論證殖民主義擴張的原住民族史觀，試圖在國際法制的架構內重行闡釋原住民族生存與發展的基本人權內涵，結合美洲人權系統與其他國際人權系統對於財產權論證的闡釋，探究國際法上論證原住民族財產權的發展，希冀啟發對於國內現行法制下的原住民族土地及自然資源之財產權內容的發想。

關鍵字

Awas Tingni案 ； 原住民族財產權 ； 美洲人權公約 ； 國際人權法 ； 特殊權利

並列摘要

Indigenous human rights as a fast-growing right thesis and principal subject within the modern international legal framework, surely offers a unique opportunity for the world indigenous peoples to participate at international institutionalized and substantialized the development of human rights regime. This paper studies the OAS's human rights protection system and focuses on the Inter-American Court of Human Right's case on the Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua. By exploring international judicial practice and its relationship with indigenous peoples rights articulation on indigenous historiography of colonial expansion, this paper attempts to re-expound and re-conceptualize the theory of indigenous fundamental rights of survival and development within the international legal framework. Through incorporating OAS human rights system and other international human rights schemes on the demonstration of property rights, this paper argues the idea of indigenous properly is originated from traditional laws and cultural norms and their sacred connection to the land worldview. From the standpoint of comparative laws, it would offer a new property paradigm for the Taiwanese administration, legislation and justice departments to envisage the further examination on indigenous properly issues within the existing framework.

並列關鍵字

Awas Tingni ； indigenous property right ； American Convention on Human Rights ； international human rights law ； sui generis

參考文獻

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