半總統制下總統是否兼任黨主席與其黨政關係型態－比較視野下的馬英九總統任期經驗

The President Serves as the Chairperson of Political Party or Not under Semi-presidentialism: A Comparative Analysis of President Ma's Two Terms

陳宏銘(Hongming Chen)

《臺灣民主季刊》 13卷4期 (2016/12) Pp. 1-42

摘要

總統是否同時為執政黨的黨魁，位居台灣半總統制下黨政關係金字塔體系中的頂端，真有牽引黨政運作其他次級體系的作用。本文以馬英九總統執政時期為例，探討半總統制下總統是否兼任黨主席以及黨政關係之型態，並將其放置在跨國的半總統制經驗下來理解。進一步來看，本研究納入30個半總統制國家的經驗，並考量半總統制中「總統議會制」與「總理總統制」兩種次類型之比較。研究，顯示，前者下之總統較易兼任黨魁，以便更有效領導執政黨和政府。台灣的憲政體制傾向具有濃厚的「總統議會制」特點，確實，馬英九總統在任內多數時期是兼任國民黨黨主席。此外，由於馬總統任內同時出現兼任與未兼任黨主席狀態，故可供分析其間黨政運作機制之差異。最後，本文也將馬英九的個案與過去針對陳水扁擔任總統時期的個案進行比較研究，歸納與解釋兩者的同與異，驗證其中我國半總統制設計的制度效應。

關鍵字

半總統制 ； 黨主席 ； 黨政關係 ； 馬英九

並列摘要

Under Taiwan's semi-presidentialisrn, the core dimension of party-government relationship is concerned with whether the President is also the chairperson of his (her) party. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between the President and his party and the type of party-government relationship in Taiwan during the President Ma Ying-jeou presidency under the structure of president-dominant semi-presidentialism. First, this article surveys the experiences of 32 democratic countries in order to have a global perspective of semi-presidentialism. And then it distinguished and discussed two subtypes of semi-presidentialism: president-parliamentarism and premier-presidentialism. In the former one, there is the tendency that the president will be also the chairperson of his (her) party so as to control the ruling party and government more effectively. Since Taiwan's government type is similar to the president-parliamentarism, the President Ma Ying-jeou indeed served as chairperson of KMT during most of his terms. Finally, this study compared the types of party-government relationship according to the President was the chairperson of KMT or not.

並列關鍵字

semi-presidentialism ； chairperson ； party-government relationship ； Ma Ying-jeou

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