民進黨地方侍從體制與台灣基層民主轉型－台南經驗的啟示

Local Clientelism of Democratic Progressive Party and The Transition of Taiwan's Grass-Root Democracy: Lessons from Tainan Experience

丁仁方(Jen-fang Arthur Ting) ； 趙卿惠(Ching-hui Chao) ； 李依霖(Yi-lin Li)

《臺灣民主季刊》 15卷1期 (2018/03) Pp. 45-78

摘要

西方學者近年對新興民主國家轉型經驗的研究，發現傳統侍從體制並未隨著民主化的過程而消失，反而出現各種變異或更加鞏固；包括官僚系統的獨立性、政黨及國家體制整合特殊利益的方式、政黨的選舉策略與競爭等，都可能影響侍從體制特殊利益的表達空間。本文檢視民進黨在台南（縣）市執政二十多年幾位首長透過執政資源籠絡支持者及吸納選民的經驗，據以推斷台灣基層民主轉型的發展型態及其可能潛在的問題。約略言之，台南（縣）市先後有不同民進黨籍首長執政超過二十年，跟支持者及基層選民逐漸發展出更細緻的侍從連結方式，從台南縣陳唐山開始透過執政資源爭取國民黨傳統派系並建立恩庇關係，之後不同縣市首長除透過執政資源吸納政治支持之外，更透過一些侍從式政策穩定與選民的連結，因此才使得民進黨在台南（縣）市的支持基礎越來越穩固。本文透過個案研究的方式，檢視台灣地方侍從體制轉型經驗，並就其中可能的問題提出反省。

關鍵字

新興民主 ； 侍從體制 ； 特殊利益 ； 基層民主 ； 侍從式政策 ； 個案研究

並列摘要

In recent years, Western scholars who study the experience of the transition of young democratic countries have found that the traditional clientelism has not disappeared during the process of democratization, but rather it has changed form or even consolidated in some young democratic countries. The independence of the bureaucracies, the way political parties and the state system integrating special interests, and the party election strategy or competition among parties all may affect the articulation of the special interest within clientelism. This article examines the incumbent experience of several heads of the DPP in more than 20-year reign of the Tainan city (county) through the public resources to draw on supporters and attract voters, and then to infer the development patterns and potential problems of Taiwan's grassroots democratic transition. Roughly speaking, Tainan city (county) has different DPP heads in reign for more than 20 years, and they had gradually developed more delicate clientelistic linkages with supporters and grassroots voters, from Tainan County magistrate Chen Tangshan starting to coopt Kuomintang traditional factions through the ruling resources and then building clientelist relationship, later on different heads of counties and cities absorbing political support through the ruling resources, but also through a number of clientelist policies to stabilize the linkage with the voters, so that the DPP electorate in Tainan city(county) is becoming more and more stable. This paper examines the experiences of Taiwan's local clientelist transformation through a case study, and makes some generalizations about the possible problems occurred within the process.

並列關鍵字

young democracy ； clientelism ； particular interest ； grass-root democracy ； clientelist policy ； case study

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