臺灣選民的人格特質、政治態度與黨派屬性

Personality Traits, Political Attitudes and Partisanship among Taiwanese Voters

王靖興(Ching-hsing Wang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 18卷4期 (2021/12) Pp. 75-106

摘要

政黨認同對於個人政治態度和行為具有關鍵性的影響，雖然過去已有許多研究探索影響個人政黨認同的因素，但是鮮少有研究探詢內在心理因素與政黨認同之間的關係。因此，本研究旨在檢視人格特質如何影響個人的黨派屬性，亦即外向性、親和性、嚴謹性、情緒穩定性和經驗開放性等五大人格特質是否會影響個人成為政黨認同者或是獨立選民。透過兩筆民意調查資料的分析，本研究發現五大人格特質對於臺灣民眾的黨派屬性並沒有直接的影響，然而其可以透過政治興趣和統獨立場強度來間接影響個人的黨派屬性。確切而言，親和性和嚴謹性人格特質可以透過政治興趣來間接對黨派屬性分別產生負向和正向的影響。此外，親和性和經驗開放性人格特質可以透過統獨立場強度來間接對黨派屬性分別產生負向和正向的影響。因此，雖然本研究並未發現人格特質與黨派屬性之間的直接關係，但是此並非意謂著人格特質對於黨派屬性沒能發揮任何作用，而是人格特質會透過政治態度的中介，來間接影響臺灣民眾的黨派屬性。總結而言，本研究證實內在心理因素對於臺灣民眾的黨派屬性具有一定的影響力，並提供新的理論觀點來解釋臺灣民眾的政黨認同。然而，鑒於資料的限制，本研究仍屬於初探性的分析，留待日後研究探索更完整的人格特質與臺灣民眾政黨認同之間的關係。

關鍵字

人格特質 ； 黨派屬性 ； 政治興趣 ； 統獨立場 ； 中介分析

並列摘要

Party identification has a crucial influence on individual political attitudes and behavior. Although many past studies have identified the factors affecting individual party identification, little scholarly attention has been paid to the relationships between dispositional factors and party identification. Therefore, this study aims to examine how personality traits influence individual partisanship, that is, whether the traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience would make individuals become partisans or independents. By using two original survey datasets, this study finds that the Big Five personality traits have no direct effects on Taiwanese people's partisanship, but they could exert indirect effects on partisanship through political interest and strength of individual position on the independence-unification issue. Specifically, agreeableness and conscientiousness could respectively have a negative or positive indirect effect on partisanship via political interest. Besides, agreeableness and openness to experience could respectively have a negative or positive indirect effect on partisanship via individual position on the independence-unification issue. Consequently, although this study reveals no direct relationships between personality traits and partisanship, it does not necessarily mean that personality traits have nothing to do with partisanship. In fact, personality traits could indirectly influence Taiwanese people's partisanship through the mediation of political attitudes. To sum up, this study confirms that dispositional factors could have a certain influence on Taiwanese people's partisanship and provides a new theoretical perspective to explain Taiwanese people's party identification. However, due to data limitations, this study only provides an exploratory analysis, and calls for future research to identify more complete relationships between personality traits and Taiwanese people's party identification.

並列關鍵字

personality traits ； partisanship ； political interest ； position on the independence-unification issue ； mediation analysis

參考文獻

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