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司法的審議民主—臺灣民眾對於國民法官制度觀點的實證分析
Deliberative Democracy in the Judiciary: Taiwanese Public Opinion on the Citizen Judge System
Abstracts
本文迥異於以往側重參審制或陪審制的跨國比較，或者實施人民參審制度的影響之研究，旨在探討影響臺灣民眾對國民法官制度看法之原因。作者將國民法官制度視為一種司法審判的「審議民主」（deliberative democracy）和「政治參與」（political participation），因此援引政治參與和「政治心理學」（political psychology）相關理論，嘗試從民眾參與決策的態度、對於司法體系的評價，以及個人的判決認知這三個層面進行分析。本文採用「臺灣法實證研究資料庫」中「2019臺灣法文化與社會變遷調查第五期」問卷調查結果作為資料，藉由「交叉分析」（cross-tabulation analyses）和「有序勝算對數模型」（ordered logit models）進行檢證。實證結果顯示，民眾參與決策的態度、對於司法體系的評價，以及個人判決認知皆與國民法官制度之支持呈現顯著相關性。整體而言，希望成為爭議中決策者、對於司法評價較低，或者認為法院判刑過輕的民眾，較支持國民法官制度；此外，性別、省籍，以及地區亦具有相當程度之影響。此研究結果除了印證本文若干研究假設之外，亦為「政治不滿」（political dissatisfaction）、政治心理學中情感對於個人政治行為和態度之影響，以及「正義動機理論」（justice motive theory）等研究，提供支持觀點的實證分析。
Parallel abstracts
Other than conducting a cross-country comparison study or reviewing the results of people's participation in trials, this paper explores the possible factors shaping Taiwanese people's opinions on the citizen judge system. We regard the citizen judge system as a deliberative democracy and a form of political participation in judicial trials; therefore, we introduce theories concerning political involvement and political psychology to crack our puzzle through three levels: Taiwanese people's attitude to engage in the decision-making process, their evaluations of the judiciary system, and their perceptions of court judgment. We employ cross-tabulation analyses and ordered logit models based on the survey data 2019 from the Taiwan Database for Empirical Legal Studies. The empirical results reveal that people more willing to be decision-makers, hold more negative views of the judiciary system, or consider general legal judgments excessively lenient are more likely to support the citizen judge system. In addition, the variables of gender, paternal provincial origin, and the region also exert an influence on the support of the citizen judge system. The findings corroborate our hypotheses and provide empirical evidence to support the study of political dissatisfaction, the role of emotions in an individual's political participation, and the justice motive theory.