日語授受表現的階層性－從互換性與語用限制的觀點談起

The Hierarchy of the Give-Receive Expressions in Japanese-From the Perspective on their Interchangeability and Pragmatic Constraints

吉田妙子(Taeko Yoshida)

《台灣日本語文學報》 18期 (2003/12) Pp. 313-339

摘要

The unaccusativity of verbs has been argued for years with several kinds of syntactic diagnoses. Kageyama (1996), for instance, suggests that in the request-causative constructions; i.e., ”N ni V shiteimorau”, no unaccusative verbs may occur .This claim, however, is severely criticized by Takami & Kuno (2002).Neither Kageyama (1996) nor Takami & Kuno (2002), however, have fully scrutinized the give-receive expressions in Japanese; since their analyses focus on syntactic analyses rather than on pragmatic ones. In this paper，w e discuss the functional structure of the give-receive expressions '-teyaru', '-tekureru' and -temorau' from a pragmatic point of view, with emphasis on their paraphrase relationship with each other. We will also argue that each of these constructions has two kinds of usage, a benefactive use and a malfactive use, ex pressing a politeness scale in order of '-temortau” '-tekureru ” '-teyaru ” and an impokiteness scale inorder of '-tekureru ” '-teyaru ” '-temortau ” respectively.

關鍵字

授受表現 ； 受惠 ； 受窘 ； 動作主事者 ； 動作受事者

並列摘要

The unaccusativity of verbs has been argued for years with several kinds of syntactic diagnoses. Kageyama (1996), for instance, suggests that in the request-causative constructions; i.e., ”N ni V shiteimorau”, no unaccusative verbs may occur .This claim, however, is severely criticized by Takami & Kuno (2002).Neither Kageyama (1996) nor Takami & Kuno (2002), however, have fully scrutinized the give-receive expressions in Japanese; since their analyses focus on syntactic analyses rather than on pragmatic ones. In this paper，w e discuss the functional structure of the give-receive expressions '-teyaru', '-tekureru' and -temorau' from a pragmatic point of view, with emphasis on their paraphrase relationship with each other. We will also argue that each of these constructions has two kinds of usage, a benefactive use and a malfactive use, ex pressing a politeness scale in order of '-temortau” '-tekureru ” '-teyaru ” and an impokiteness scale inorder of '-tekureru ” '-teyaru ” '-temortau ” respectively.

並列關鍵字

give-receive expressions ； benefactive ； malfactive ； agent ； expenencer

參考文獻

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影山太郎(1996)。動詞意味論－言語と認知の接点。東京:????出版。

金谷武洋(2002)。日本語に主語はいらない－百年の誤謬を正す－。東京:講談社選書。