日本昔話の語彙に関する一考察―月刊『日本展望』1～10話を調査例として－

本稿立足於「詞彙是詞的集合」立場上，抽取日本財團法人霞山會所發行的月刊《日本展望》中的10篇日本民間故事做為討論對象，進行詞彙調查後，試從詞彙的規模、品詞的分布、出現頻率˙範圍等角度勾勒其詞彙特性，做為討論尚未有所著墨之日本民間故事詞彙特性的中間報告。經考察結果得知以下幾點：1.若就包含標點符號等記號而言則有19語、若扣除記號只針對自立語而言則99語，附屬語則是5語，若能約略有這些數量的詞語則能掌握50%的總詞彙量。2.雖然動詞的種類比起其他兒童讀物來得稍微多一點，但整體而言各品詞所使用的語種並不豐富，但反覆出現頻率高。3.透過出現頻率˙範圍的比對浮現出最富基幹色彩的語群（7語）、方便閱讀日本民間故事之基本語彙候補語群（27語）及各故事之特徵語（各3－4語）。這次的討論結果雖然還需要靠日後擴大調查範圍加以修正普及化，但就其已成為討論日本民間故事詞彙特性時之基本參考資料而言，意義深遠。

關鍵字

日本民間故事；詞彙量；出現頻率；詞類分佈；出現範圍

並列摘要

Several points uncovered from the investigation are as following:1.Nineteen words are found if marks are included while ninety-nine word are found if marks are excluded and only independent words (自立語) are concerned about. There are five affiliated word (附屬語). Having roughly equal number of the words, one can master 50% of the total amount of vocabulary.2. Although the kinds of the verb are a little more than those of the juvenile book, overall, there are not many types of words of Hinnsi (part of speech), but the occurring frequencies are high.3. Through the match of the occurring frequency and range, the investigation presents core word groups (seven words) , the alternate word groups of the fundamental vocabulary for reading Japanese folktales (twenty-seven words) and feature words in each story (three to four words for each).Although expanded investigation in the future is still needed to revise and generalize the result of the investigation, the finding has profound effect since it has become the basic reference for discussion on the characteristics of the vocabulary in Japanese folktales.