以通過儀禮觀點閱讀村上春樹《神的小孩們都在跳舞》－面對心靈創傷的小說裝置

2011年村上春樹在接受泰隆尼亞國際獎頒獎典禮上，發表了「非現實的夢想家」的演講。演講中曾提及「東日本大震災」（2011.3.11）。當思考村上與震災的關係時，不得不提及《神的小孩們都在跳舞》這一部短篇集。因為1995年1月17日日本發生了阪神大地震，迫使村上自主性地結束4年半的美國生活而回到日本。又於當年的3月20日發生東京地鐵沙林事件震驚了日本全國。村上訪問了引發地鐵沙林事件的奧姆真理教幹部以及受害者而集結成《地下鐵事件》（1997）、《約束的場所》（1998）書籍問世。1995年日本發生了一連串的大事件，使得村上感覺到日本戰後神話的崩潰，於是想在小說中描繪「類似「鼓舞士氣」的東西」而成的《神的小孩們都在跳舞》。本論文以蘊涵非超越不可的試煉含意之「通過儀禮」為觀點，考察了《神的小孩們都在跳舞》中「「類似「鼓舞士氣」的東西」」。而所得的結果為：該作品中裝置了面對心靈創傷的機制，不論是否能走出心靈創傷，勇敢面對心靈創傷就是一大突破，意義非凡。而之後心靈創傷主題，在村上文學創作中愈加明確。此可謂是村上本身於1995年所受到了創傷衝擊，進而創痛經驗的結晶。

關鍵字

阪神大地震；東京地鐵沙林事件； 1995年；鼓舞士氣；心靈創傷

並列摘要

By the memorial lecture of the Catalonia international prize, Murakami mentioned the ”Great East Japan Earthquake” (2011.3.11). When considering the relation between Murakami and an earthquake disaster, it attracts attention that revalued U.S. stay of four years and a half and Murakami who returned to Japan hit by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995.1.17) and Sarin nerve-gas attack on the Tokyo subway system (1995.3.20) has written the first short story collaboration collection ”All the children of God dance” (2000.2). Murakami says that he would like to draw ”a thing like ”morals” in ”All the children of God dance.” This research has tried consideration of the ”morals” in ”All the children of God dance.” from a viewpoint of a ”rite of passage.” As a result, this research has found that the equipment which faces a trauma is devised by the collection of works and its common theme that facing a trauma had a meaning. The equipment of tale called a trauma is an important theme of the Haruki Murakami literature of the 2000s. It can also be said to be the crystal which has condensed the fact of the shocking earthquake disaster in 1995 which the writer has received.