美國霸權的崛起歷程與海權論

The Rise of US Hegemony and the Influence of Sea Power upon History

林文隆(Laurence Lin)

《國防雜誌》 23卷1期 (2008/02) Pp. 7-37

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2008.23(1).2

摘要

一、「海權論」原兼具帝國主義與霸權主義本質。「海權論」使美修正門羅主義，實踐帝國主義，而定於「以市場為中心的霸權主義」。二、自一戰起，美國以「自決」與「全球開放」為其外交政策的指導原則；二戰後加以落實爭取全球經貿市場、海洋航道向美國開放。三、如果「全球開放」是美霸權骨幹，「海權論」可說是美國實踐「全球開放」、崛起成為霸權，並維持今日霸權於不墜的最重要憑藉。四、當今美國提倡價值信念全球化的努力，有助於全球霸權地位的永久化。在「鈍性結盟」策略指導下，美國勢必更加依賴海軍武力。五、美國的新海權思維正朝向全球海洋民主聯盟與掌握河岸環境發展；有助於美國在全球化時代鞏固霸權地位、延緩或阻礙多極體系的形成。

關鍵字

霸權主義 ； 海權論 ； 門戶開放 ； 全球開放 ； 全球化 ； 美利堅治世

並列摘要

1. The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660~1783 by Mahan carries the essence of both imperialism and hegemonism. Mahanism enabled the US to amend Monroeism, implement imperialism, and finally settle on market-centered hegemonism.2. Since WWI, the US had adopted ”self-determination” and ”global openness” as the guidelines of its foreign policies; after WWII, the US put the guidelines into practice to win access to global markets and sea-lanes.3. If ”global openness” is the backbone of US hegemony, then Mahanism would be the key to America's global openness, rise to hegemony and preservation of contemporary superpower status.4. The US efforts for the globalization of its traditional values would help the perpetuation of its superpower status. With the guidance of ”alliance-insensitive” strategy, the US will rely on its naval power more than ever.5. America's thoughts on sea power is heading toward forging a League of Global Maritime Democracies and controlling the riverine environment, which would help the US consolidate its hegemony and defer or hinder the development of a multi-polar system.

並列關鍵字

hegemonism ； Mahanism ； Open Door policy ； global openness ； globalization ； Pax Americana