析論中共戰爭指導思想之改變

A Dissertation of Mainland China's Guiding Ideology of War Transform

梁華傑(Hua-Jie Liang)

《國防雜誌》 26卷5期 (2011/10) Pp. 62-80

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2011.26(5).5

摘要

國際關係與戰略環境變動不斷，中共在歷經三十餘年的改革開放後，中國大陸東南沿海儼然成為經濟發展重鎮，且其21世紀所處國際體系比20世紀更加安全；然就地緣戰略言，中共未來軍事威脅，極可能來自太平洋，因之為因應此種國際戰略格局的可能變遷，中共不斷修正調整其「戰爭指導思想」，並據以發展出具體之軍事思想。中共的「戰爭指導思想」包括「歷史唯物主義戰爭觀、黨指揮槍、積極防禦、軍農合一思想、人民戰爭思想、游擊戰與殲滅戰及和平發展觀」，是一個龐大的體系。本文從中共「戰爭指導思想」在「軍事思想」的定位，進而分析中共的「戰爭指導思想」，再從「軍事戰略思想」、「作戰思想」及「軍事教育思想」等面向，探討中共「戰爭指導思想」的改變。經過內外激勵與改變，中共戰爭指導思想，將出現以下變化：一、歷史唯物主義戰爭觀、軍農合一思想、人民戰爭思想、游擊戰與殲滅戰等中共戰爭指導思想，仍將持續影響但將逐漸式微；但黨指揮槍、積極防禦、和平發展觀等，則將躍居中共戰爭指導思想的主要影響因素。二、軍事戰略思想不直接挑戰美國「一超」地位，極力防止出現以美國為主的單極世界，傾全力推進具有中國特色的軍事現代化，企圖成為「唯二超強」。三、高技術信息化的聯合作戰與不對稱性作戰為中共軍事思想的核心內容，並將準則、戰術、戰技及戰門程序等予以標準化，以推進符合中國特色的軍事變革。四、重視「質量建軍」，強調「科技練兵」，以支持及打贏高技術信息條件下的局部戰爭，支持軍隊建設的質量效能轉變，科技密集轉變。

關鍵字

軍事科學 ； 軍事學 ； 中共軍事思想 ； 戰爭指導思想

並列摘要

International Relations and Strategic Environments are changeable, China's southeast coast has become an economic development center and international system of the 21st century is more secure than the 20th century after thirty years of reforming and opening up; but according to the local geo-strategy, the future military threat of PRC is most likely from the Pacific. To response such possible changes in the international strategic situation, the PRC constantly revises its ”guiding ideology of the war,” and develops specific military thought base on it.Mainland China's ”guiding ideology of war” is a huge system including ”the historical view of war, the party commands the gun, active defense, the military agricultural syncretism, people's war, guerrilla warfare and the war of annihilation and the concept of peaceful development”. This paper starts from positioning the ”guiding ideology of war” in the ”military thought”, and then analyzes the PRC's guiding ideology of war, finally discusses the change of ”guiding ideology of war” from the aspects of ”military strategic thought”, ”operational thought” and ”military educational thought”.Through internal and external incentives and changes, the PRC's guiding ideology of war will changes as following:First, the historical view of war, the military agricultural syncretism, people's war, guerrilla warfare and the war of annihilation, etc., will continue to influence PRC's ”guiding ideology of the war”, but will gradually decline; the party commands the gun, active defense, peace and development concept and so on, will be the main factors that influence the PRC's ”guiding ideology of the war”.Secondly, the PRC's military strategic thinking will not be a direct challenge to America's ”superpower” status, but tried to prevent the emergence of international unipolar world dominated by the United States, efforts to promote military modernization with Chinese characteristics, and an attempt to become ”the only two superpower.”Thirdly, the high-tech informational joint operations and Asymmetric warfare is the core of PRC's military thought. By standardizing manuals, tactic, technique and combat procedures to promote ”military reform with Chinese characteristics.”Fourthly, emphasis on ”building quality armed forces”, but stressed that ”the scientific and technological training” to support and winning the modern technology, especially local wars under high-tech and information conditions, and to support military construction by changing to quality, efficiency, technology-intensive.

並列關鍵字

science of military ； military science ； Chinese military thinking ； the guiding ideology of war