傳統武德模式之變遷－兵家及儒家倫理模式的驗證

Dynamics of Traditional Chinese Wu De-Evaluation of the Ethics of Military Schools and Confucianism

余一鳴(Yi-Ming Yu)

《國防雜誌》 27卷6期 (2012/11) Pp. 106-125

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2012.27(6).7

摘要

「武德」（Wude）一詞在中國賦予了極豐富的道德色彩，其概念不同於西方軍事專業主義下的專業倫理。然而，武德概念的內化卻是近代以來兵學思想儒家化的結果。就傳統兵家而言，講求實力原則及現實主義，不同儒家內聖外王的理想主義。「武德」概念即受這兩股勢力交互影響下，歷史的發展過程中產生不同的面貌。根據歷代文獻歸納，發現儒家的「結果論」（Consequentialism）倫理及兵家的「義務論」（deontology）倫理，形成「專業型」及「德行式」等兩種不同的武德模式，經由以模式比較的方式，透過整體適配評鑑支持了「專業型」的武德模式。

關鍵字

武德 ； 專業倫理 ； 軍事專業倫理

並列摘要

Although the term ”Wude” in Chinese culture has much to do with ethics, it is different to the professional ethics of the military professionalism in the western world. In these days, however, the Confucianalization of military ideology has brought out the insight of Wude. The traditional military schools believe meritocracy and materialism rather than idealism honored by the theory and practice of Confucian morality. According to a long line of literature reviews, the ethics of Consequentialism in Confucianism and the ethics of deontology among military schools have formed two different kinds of Wude's models, known as virtue type and professional type respectively. Through model comparison, this paper finds that the result of overall model fits favors the Wude's professional type.

並列關鍵字

Wude ； Professional Ethics ； Professional Military Ethics