中共建立「中緬油氣輸送管道」的意涵

The China's Intent of Establishing the ＂China-Burma Gasoline Transportation Tunnel＂

陳威霖(Wei-Lin Chen)

《國防雜誌》 30卷2期 (2015/03) Pp. 23-39

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2015.30(2).2

摘要

加快西北、東北、西南和海上進口油氣戰略通道建設，是「十二五」規劃綱要中發展經濟確保能源穩定供應所需解決的關鍵。而2013年中共原油消費量為507.4百萬噸，僅208.1百萬噸是本國生產，299.3百萬噸須靠國外進口獲得，其中60%（中東42.8%、非洲17.4%）海上運輸須經麻六甲海峽，若航運通道遭受阻斷，將足以對中共能源供應穩定帶來嚴重衝擊。麻六甲海峽是連接太平洋南中國海與印度洋安達曼海的國際主要航道，此區域航道狹窄（僅2.4公里）、海盜猖獗、衝突不斷、大國關注與爭奪，使以海上運輸為主的中共能源安全增添許多風險。開闢西南地區陸路油氣輸送通道已是中共刻不容緩的能源安全戰略，而中緬油氣輸送管道建成後，原油的運輸路程將可減少1,200公里，可有效紓解麻六甲海峽的運輸壓力，改善西南地區能源緊缺現況，及實現中共「原油進口多地區、進口方式多元化」戰略目標。

關鍵字

油氣管道 ； 麻六甲海峽 ； 能源安全

並列摘要

To accelerate oil and gas imports in the northwest, northeast, southwest and offshore China, strategic channel construction is the key of the ＂Twelfth Five-Year＂ Plan of economic development. It is also the key to ensure a stable supply of oil needed to be resolved. In China, crude oil consumption was 507.4 million tons, and only 208.1 million tons was produced domestic ally in 2013. And 299.3 million tons was imported from foreign countries, including (42.8% from Middle East, and 17.4% from Africa), and 60% maritime transportion passed throgh the Strait of Malacca. If the shipping waterway is blocked, China will face serious impacts to keep stable energy supplies. Strait of Malacca is a major international waterway which connects the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea and South China Sea. This area is a narrow channel (only 2.4 kilometers) with rampant piracy, continued conflicts and concerns and competitions from large countries. This increases risks to China which depends on maritime transportion. Constructing oil passage in the southwest is the CCP urgent energy security strategy. After completion of the China-Burma oil and gas pipelines, transportation distance of crude oil will be reduced by 1,200km, which can effectively alleviate transport pressure in Malacca Strait and improve the energy shortage in southwest China. Thus the Chinese Communist Party's strategic objectives of ＂multi-regional imports, and diversified imports＂ can be fulfilled.

並列關鍵字

Oil and Gas Pipelines ； the Strait of Malacca ； Energy Security