伊斯蘭國的復興、國際反應及未來發展

The Renaissance of Islam State, Responses of Euro-American States, and Future Development

張東勝(Tung-Sheng Chang) ； 張成佳(Cheng-Chia Chang) ； 杜學文(Hsueh-Wen Tu) ； 謝旻軒(Min-Hsuan Hsieh)

《國防雜誌》 30卷5期 (2015/10) Pp. 1-28

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2015.30(5).1

摘要

「伊斯蘭國」並不是一個新的名詞，其所代表的是政教合一的伊斯蘭世界。早從穆罕默德在622-632年統一阿拉伯世界建立政教合一的伊斯蘭世界，接著由其繼承者哈里發們（Caliphs）繼續向外擴張所建立「哈里發帝國」（伊斯蘭封建王朝），「古伊斯蘭國」就存在。然而第一次界大戰期間，歐洲強國瓜分了伊斯蘭世界，直至「土耳其共和國」趕走歐洲勢力建立國家，並宣布廢除哈里發制，「伊斯蘭國」才正式滅亡。2014年6月29日，「伊斯蘭國」恐怖組織領袖巴格達迪宣布即位為「哈里發」並宣布立國，恢復了這個消失近一世紀的制度，希望藉由伊斯蘭教來領導全世界的穆斯林，試圖重新復興「古伊斯蘭國」的榮耀及勢力，但卻使用極端手段，震驚了西方國家。演變至今，以美國為首的主要國家也紛紛投入對抗伊斯蘭國的行動，兩方的互動關係將不僅衝擊中東地區的安全與穩定，也影響到全球世界的未來情勢。

關鍵字

伊斯蘭國 ； 伊斯蘭世界 ； 恐怖攻擊 ； 聖戰

並列摘要

The term ＂Islamic State (IS)＂ or ＂Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is not recently created. It stands for the Islamic World with Caesaropapism. Since Abū al-Qāsim Mu ammad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Abd al-Mu alib ibn Hāshim (Muhammad) unified the Arab World and built a caesaropapic Islamic World between 622-632, his successors (Caliphs) continued to expand the Caliphate Empire, and the IS has been existing ever since. However, after the European powers divided the Islamic World during World War I, and the Republic of Turkey expelled European powers and abolished the Caliphate system, the Islam State was formally destroyed. On June 29, 2014, a terrorist group called ＂Islamic State＂ was founded, and its leader Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi announced that he becomes the new Caliphate. He revived the Caliphate system which has disappeared for almost a century in order to lead the Muslims of the world by Islamism. His goal is to rejuvenate the glory and capability of the Islamic State. However, due to his extreme violent means, it has brought shocks and intimidation to the Western world. Since then, many western countries join the anti-Islamic State coalition led by the US to fight against the IS. The interactions between the IS and the Western world have not only impacted on the security and stability in the Middle East, but also influenced the global situations in the future.

並列關鍵字

Islamic State (IS) ； The Islamic State of Iraq and Greater Syria (ISIS) ； Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) ； Islam World ； Terrorist Attacks ； Jihad