《孫子兵法》「勝」之思想與啟示

Inspiration on ＂Victory＂ Thought of Sun Tzu's Art of War

葛惠敏(Hui-Min Ko)

《國防雜誌》 31卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 73-91

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2016.31(2).4

摘要

「勝」是孫子軍事思想的重要核心，依其內涵不同可區分「先勝」、「全勝」和「戰勝」。「先勝」就是戰前做好戰爭準備，創造一個最有利的戰爭環境與戰略態勢；「全勝」是指用最小代價獲取最大利益的勝利，以達成「安國全軍」為最終目標；「戰勝」則是利用軍事手段使敵人屈服，爭取戰爭勝利，進而達到己方目的。「先勝」是「全勝」、「戰勝」的基礎和前提；「全勝」是對「先勝」所準備的戰爭力量最有效益的使用，又為「戰勝」創造必要的條件；「全勝」策略不成功，就付諸「戰勝」，運用作戰指導藝術戰而勝之，「戰勝」又可成為實施「全勝」戰略的籌碼。孫子「勝」的思想具歷久彌新的特性與超時空價值，對現今國家戰略、軍事戰略、防衛作戰，甚至對於人生的戰場均有一定的啟示作用。

關鍵字

先勝 ； 全勝 ； 戰勝 ； 國家戰略 ； 軍事戰略

並列摘要

＂Victory＂ is the core of Sun Tzu's military thinking, which can be divided into ＂first victory＂, ＂complete victory＂, and ＂fighting victory＂ according to their different connotations respectively.＂First victory＂ is well-prepared to create a most favorable environment and the strategic posture of war before war;＂complete victory ＂means the smallest loss in the war to attain the goal of ＂a country at peace and an army intact＂; ＂fighting victory＂ is to make the enemy surrender by forces for achieving the purpose of war.＂First victory＂ is the basis and prerequisite of ＂complete victory＂ and ＂fighting victory＂; ＂complete victory＂ is not only the most effective use of war power created by ＂first victory＂, but also the creation of necessary conditions for ＂fighting victory.＂ When ＂complete victory＂ fails, then ＂fighting victory＂ takes over to win the battle, and the ＂fighting victory＂ can serve bargaining chip for the strategy of ＂complete victory.＂Sun Tzu's military thinking of ＂victory＂ is immortal and has a certain implications to today's national strategy, military strategy, defense operations, even for the battlefield of life.

並列關鍵字

first victory ； complete victory ； fighting victory ； national strategy ； military strategy