美國對抗伊斯蘭國的反恐戰略

The United States Counter-Terrorism Strategy against Islamic State

劉宗翰(Zong-Han Liou)

《國防雜誌》 32卷1期 (2017/03) Pp. 73-91

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.2017.32(1).4

摘要

伊斯蘭國是當今世界各國致力打擊及防堵的恐怖組織，有別於傳統的恐怖組織，其屬於複合型態，且在經濟上能自給自足。伊斯蘭國特點在於，其善用網路社群媒體吸引極端穆斯林，或是不滿現狀的個人來遂行孤狼式恐攻，導致世界上許多國家恐攻事件頻傳，甚至已向東南亞推進。美國的伊斯蘭反恐戰略一開始就犯下情勢誤判，斥為蓋達組織的二軍，等到恍然大悟時，伊斯蘭國已經蔓延至全球。美國領導的盟軍視派遣大規模地面部隊為禁忌，國際社會上的各大強權各有算計，中東地區的某些國家甚至志不在打擊伊斯蘭國，因此反恐戰略儼然成為空心戰術。伊斯蘭國崛起有其時代背景，且中東地區國家充滿宗派衝突、利益算計，因此最終消滅伊斯蘭國後，若各個國家不能進行宗派和解、種族融合，恐怖主義勢必會東山再起。

關鍵字

伊斯蘭國 ； 反恐 ； 哈里發 ； 聖戰士

並列摘要

Striking and containing the Islamic State (IS) is the main goal of the countries around the world. IS is different from the conventional terrorist organization, its economy is independent. The feature of IS is that it makes use of the social media network to attract extreme Muslim, or dissatisfied individual to conduct the lone-wolf attacks, and has caused many terrorist attacks, the influence is moving to Southeast Asia. The counter-terrorism strategy of United States was wrong at the beginning, and dismissed IS as the jayvee terrorist team of Al-Qaeda. When US realizes this fact, IS has spread the word. US-led coalition regards the mass ground troop as a taboo, the powers of the international society have their calculation, some countries of Middle East even don't want to beat IS, then the counter-terrorism strategy becomes hollow. The rise of IS has it's background, and Middle East region filled with the sectarian conflict, interest calculation of the countries. If these countries don't conduct sectarian reconciliation and racial integration, the terrorism will rise again.

並列關鍵字

Islamic States ； Counter-Terrorism ； Caliphate ； Jihadist