重新解讀「八二三戰役」原因及影響

Reinterpretation the Cause and Implication of ＂823 Military Campaign＂

謝志淵(Chih-Yuan Hsieh)

《國防雜誌》 33卷3期 (2018/09) Pp. 75-101

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.201809_33(3).0004

摘要

1955年「第一次臺海危機」結束後，兩岸的和平狀態並沒有維持太久，1958年中共為迫使美國重新回到談判桌，藉口支援中東地區社會主義國家革命之藉口，砲擊國府金門及馬祖地區，引發「第二次臺海危機」。過去，兩岸相當長一段時間，基於政治宣傳的必要性，各自解釋砲戰的動機、停火問題與目的達成。近年，儘管學界透過嚴謹的考證研究，對於中共為何發動「八二三砲戰」，有些強調源自中共的內政因素，有些則認為是國際因素，亦有從理性決策困境的角度思考，迄今說法仍多所分歧；從國際關係視角、兩岸關係演變，到軍事作戰型態上的改變，都提供了後續對同一場戰役，從不同角度去思考問題，俾能更平衡的認識其意義與價值。

關鍵字

第二次臺海危機 ； 八二三戰役 ； 中美共同防禦條約

並列摘要

Peace of the Taiwan Strait did not last long after the First Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1955. In 1958, the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis happened when the PRC planed to force the U.S. back to the negotiation table and the justification of supporting socialism revolution in the Middle East. As a result, PRC launched ＂the 823 Artillery Bombardment＂in Kinmen and Matsu islands where controled by ROC. In the past, due to political propaganda considerations, the PRC and the ROC both were using their own interpretations on the motives of the bombardment regarding to Second Taiwan Strait Crisis. Recently, in spite of great amount of academic studies, the result to explain the motive of action is still diversed. Ones argue the mainly factor is domestic, but the others believe it is international, and even caused by the leader's decision dilemma. While reviewing the history, not only from the perspectives of international interaction, but also from the relation of Cross-Strait, and military operation perspectives, it is valuable to provide different views to review the events and to be beneficial for having more balanced understanding.

並列關鍵字

The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis ； 823 Military Campaign ； Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty