八二三砲戰中的平民經歷回顧與對全民國防教育的啟示

A Review of Civilian Experience in 823 Artillery Bombardment and Its Enlightenment to All-out Defense Education

汪子錫(Tzu-Hsi Wang)

《國防雜誌》 34卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 43-61

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.201903_34(1).0002

摘要

中共挑釁發動的「八二三砲戰」迄2018年已60年，紀念緬懷這場保衛臺灣的戰爭史實，對今日全民國防教育具有深刻且嚴肅的意義。這場戰役將金門、馬祖等外島戰地和臺灣本島緊密連結，臺、澎、金、馬從此成為唇齒相依的生命共同體。在60年後回顧，人們對戰爭的看法與評價可以更加沉澱、冷靜、真實。本研究採用文獻分析法（Document Analysis）及訪談法（Interview Method）進行，在金門、臺灣兩地蒐集資料，並以砲戰期間平民生活與遭遇為訪談焦點，從平民經歷及60年的變化，探討八二三砲戰對今日全民國防教育的啟示。本研究提出三點結論，一、軍人的事業在戰場，軍人的地位在戰爭中建立。但是戰爭是殘酷的，全民國防教育要建立國民避戰但不畏戰的決心，才能守護家園。二、在非戰爭時期，國軍應該有高標準的軍紀與軍風，才能贏得全民尊重與支持。三、全世界只有軍人職業，被要求在戰場上犧牲性命以保護人民，辱軍的偏激言論，不利全民凝聚意志，需知面臨戰爭的殘酷，絕對不只是軍人而已，而是軍民一體共同面對。

關鍵字

八二三砲戰 ； 平民經歷 ； 全民國防教育

並列摘要

2018 marks the 60th anniversary of the 823 Artillery Bombardment in Kinmen. This bombardment, initiated by the Chinese Communist, has made Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu more connected than ever. The public in Taiwan, where war had not reached, also fully supported the soldiers at the front. The commemoration of this battle has significant importance for the All-out Defense Education. Six decades is enough time for people to review the war in an impartial and close-to-reality way. This study adopts document analysis and interview method by talking to the families in Kinmen and Taiwan who have experienced the war. The questions asked are based on the changes they witnessed for the last 60 years, which are then concluded to assess the impact of the war on the current All-out Defense Education. Three conclusions are made: (1) The battlefield is where the soldiers pursue their career. However, wars are cruel. The All-out Defense Education must increase people's determination to oppose wars but not to fear them. (2) The army forces must maintain the discipline even in the peacetime to win people's trust and support. (3) The military is the only profession that involves losing lives to protect people. Insulting comments don't help.

並列關鍵字

823 Artillery Bombardment ； Civilian Experience ； All-out Defense Education