- 期刊
愛滋病患巨細胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus）感染與感染管制
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
摘要
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common worldwide, and most presentations of the infection are either silent or subclinical. Healthy young individuals may develop mononucleosis syndrome, in which most clinical manifestations are self-limited. However, primary infection of CMV may result in serious or even life-threatening situations in patients with immunocompromised status, especially those who are solid organ transplant recipients or who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS with an impaired cell-mediated immune system (CD4 lymphocyte count ＜ 50/μL) are at high risk for CMV infection, such as retinitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis. The incidence of end-organ infection caused by CMV may decrease when patients with AIDS receive highly active antiretroviral therapy. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinicians' suspicions of CMV infection according to the age and clinical status of the patient. Currently, the antiviral agents ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are available for treating CMV retinitis, and the former 2 drugs can be used routinely as treatment or as prophylaxis for systemic CMV disease. Patients with AIDS are advised to use condoms, if possible, to avoid CMV infection from sexual activity.
並列摘要
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common worldwide, and most presentations of the infection are either silent or subclinical. Healthy young individuals may develop mononucleosis syndrome, in which most clinical manifestations are self-limited. However, primary infection of CMV may result in serious or even life-threatening situations in patients with immunocompromised status, especially those who are solid organ transplant recipients or who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS with an impaired cell-mediated immune system (CD4 lymphocyte count ＜ 50/μL) are at high risk for CMV infection, such as retinitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis. The incidence of end-organ infection caused by CMV may decrease when patients with AIDS receive highly active antiretroviral therapy. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinicians' suspicions of CMV infection according to the age and clinical status of the patient. Currently, the antiviral agents ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir are available for treating CMV retinitis, and the former 2 drugs can be used routinely as treatment or as prophylaxis for systemic CMV disease. Patients with AIDS are advised to use condoms, if possible, to avoid CMV infection from sexual activity.
延伸閱讀
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