論兩岸婚姻條件之差異

A Study on the Difference of the Marital Terms between Taiwan and Mainland China

蔡輝龍(Hui-Lung Tsai)

《白沙人文社會學報》 1期 (2002/10) Pp. 15-54

https://doi.org/10.6766/JPHSS.200210.0015

摘要

婚姻為一切親屬關係根源，乃人倫之始，國家為維持社會秩序及善良風俗，必制其婚姻政策，以重教化並培養道德，使兩性關係得以合理化至法制化，必明定結婚之要件以區分合法婚姻與非法性關係，從而保護合法並取締非法。
在學理上將結婚要件分為形式要件與實質要件，前者為婚姻關係有效成立的法定要件；後者為結婚當事人所必須具備之資格或要件。不備結婚要件者，為有瑕疵之婚姻，為可得撤銷或無效婚。
婚姻之成立，有不需履行任何形式之事實婚姻主義與要具備一定儀式或程序的形式婚姻主義。前者僅當事人合意即可成立婚姻關係；後者當事人需循一定之形式要件婚姻關係始生效力而為社會與國家所承認。事實婚姻因不具公示性，國家不易管理，且在婚姻關係上舉證困難，故較少為人沿用，各國大體上採形式婚姻主義，以推行國家之婚姻政策。兩岸因長期阻隔，婚姻家庭法制存有極大之落差，易滋生糾紛，本文謹就兩岸法制，如何求同存異提出解決建言。

關鍵字

婚姻條件 ； 婚姻政策 ； 不完全婚 ； 事實婚 ； 儀式婚 ； 兩岸婚姻家庭法制

並列摘要

Marriage is the root of all family relationships and the start of human ethics. To maintain social order and benign customs, a nation must adopt a marital policy that is inculcated and cultivate morality. To render the inter-gender relationship from one that is rational to legal, the key criteria of marriage must be explicitly set out to distinguish legal sexual-relationships with in a marriage from illegal ones, of which the former must be protected and the latter maybe prosecuted.
Theoretically the marital criteria are categorized as substantial and ceremonial. The former is a necessary upgrade or criteria for the to-be-wed, while the latter being a legal requisite to validate a marriage. A marriage without such criteria is defective, subject to annulment, invalid and is incomplete.
A marriage may be instituted via realistic nuptials without the need for formalities or via ceremonial nuptials with the requisite formalities or customs. The former may be instituted with mutual consent, while the latter calls for the adherence to formalities to be validated and recognized by society and state. Realistic nuptials lack publicity, are difficult to regulate by the state, and cannot readily prove the state of matrimony, which is why few people in Taiwan adopt such a system. Most countries practice ceremonial nuptials to implement their marital policies. Due to extended cross-strait separation, the marital and family laws in Taiwan and China have diverged dramatically; hence the question is to propose resolutions to pursue the same goals but retain differences.

並列關鍵字

Marital terms ； Marital policy ； Incomplete marriage ； Realistic nuptials ； Ceremonial nuptials ； Marital and family laws in Taiwan and Mainland China