監察制度與監察使：一項國際性的分析

The Control System and Ombudsman: An International Analysis

李文郎(Wang-Lang Lee)

《白沙人文社會學報》 3期 (2004/10) Pp. 155-188

https://doi.org/10.6766/JPHSS.200410.0155

摘要

「權力分立原理」強調「分權」與「制衡」，而監察權主要在制衡行政權，具有監督政府機關和官員，並保障人民之基本權利的作用。
西方監察制度起源於一八○九年的瑞典國會監察使，歷經近兩百年來的發展，至二○○四年止，全世界大約有一百二十個國家設置園家層級的監察使辦公室。尤其從一九八○年代開始，監察使制度更是迅速發展至全世界，形成一股時代潮流。
本文主要從國際性的比較觀點，分析世界各國監察制度的類型和功能、監察使的意涵和扮演的角色、監察使的擴散和發展，以及監察使的選任和基本職權，藉以深入了解目前界各國監察制度的現況和特點。

關鍵字

監察制度 ； 監察使 ； 監察權 ； 監察院 ； 國會

並列摘要

Two essentials of doctrine of separation of powers are division of powers and checks and balance. Control power including the work of oversight the government and officials and protecting human rights mainly checks and balances administrative power.
The control system in the western world was born from Parliamentary Ombudsman of Sweden in 1809. After developing in two hundred years, by 2004, the ombudsman office, at the national level of government, exists in approximately 120 countries, which develops swiftly to the world and becomes the fashion of this time especially from 1980.
The aim of this study is to discuss advanced the situations and characteristics of the countries in the world now by analyzing the types and functions of control systems in the world, and the roles, meanings, approaches, developments, selections, and primary powers of Ombudsman from international comparative points.

並列關鍵字

Control System ； Ombudsman ； Control Power ； Control Yuan ； Parliament