行政區劃之憲法基礎探析

A Study of Constitutional Foundation on Administrative Division

黃建銘(Jian-Ming Huang)

《白沙人文社會學報》 5期 (2006/10) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.6766/JPHSS.200610.0001

摘要

行政區劃係對國家領域所為之界線劃分，其代表對國家權力結構的重構與制約，也表徵地方人民對地域的認同感，因此行政區劃不僅是踐行地方自治的基礎，更是建構民主政治的核心，是以行政區劃應可從憲法中探尋賴以存立的根據，尤其憲法原則係憲法的主要精神，自憲法原則觀點足可檢視行政區劃在法理上的正當性與價值，故有關行政區劃所依循之憲法原則為何，乃成為本文首先釐清的核心問題，亦即以探究行政區劃之憲法基礎作為本文焦點。行政區劃係地方自治運作之要素，地方自治必須具有一定地域始可確立其住民數目與土地面積，進而確立公權力管轄範圍，以遂行自治，故行政區劃與地方自治息息相關，有關地方自治的憲法保障，即有單純自治權保障與制度性保障型態之別，所以有關地方自治之憲法保障亦是行政區劃之憲法基礎。因而有必要針對憲法原則與地方自治的憲法保障型態加以探討之，俾可助於釐清行政區劃在憲法上所表徵之意涵。職此，本文首先說明行政區劃之概念，次而探究若干與行政區劃相關之憲法原則，如民主共和、權力分立、法治國以及自由民主憲政秩序等；最後則思考憲法對地方自治型態之保障，藉此瞭解並探求行政區劃的憲法基礎，以助於貫徹憲政精神，盼能對行政區劃法制化之精進有所助益。

關鍵字

行政區劃 ； 憲法原則 ； 地方自治 ； 權力分立

並列摘要

Administrative division is the separation of national territory, showing restructuring and controlling in national powers, indicating local people’s territorial identification. Therefore, administration division is a basis of local self-government and the core of democratic politics. According to the constitution, the foundation of administrative division will be found. Because constitutional principles is the root of constitution, administrative division’s legislative intention and value can be detected by constitutional principles. What are constitutional principles building administrative division will be the first key issue in the article. Furthermore, administrative division is a basic factor of local self-government. Territory is necessary to local self-government. Local government’s people and region can be decided by territory, and authoritative jurisdiction also will be confirmed, so as to carry out autonomy. Hence, administrative division is closely related to local self-government. Pure autonomy guarantee and institutional guarantee are included in local self-government’s constitutional guarantee which is constitutional basis in administrative division. Constitutional guarantee’s types are precisely elaborated , the constitutional meaning of administrative division will be showed accurately. In order to precisely explore administrative division, there are several sections discussed. Firstly, the conception of administrative division is described in the article. Secondly, constitutional principles related administrative division will be specified, including democracy and republic, the separation of powers, the rule of law and free and democratic constitutional order. Finally, constitution guarantee types are explored in order to understand constitutional basis in administrative division. It is expectancy that the article contributes to the study on administrative division.

並列關鍵字

Administrative division ； constitutional principles ； local self-government ； the separation of powers