魏晉南朝士人服散之探究

寒食散是魏晉南朝時期最具代表性的消費藥品，而門閥士族是這一長時期最主要的消費族群。自何晏鼓吹此藥有效，崇拜何晏、相信何晏者，也跟著服用起來了。以一區區寒食散，書傳所記就有三、四十條，曹歙自稱：「服此藥幾四十載，所治者亦有百數。」則當日服散的風尚猶可以想見其盛況。寒食散本是用來治病，當日士人服者紛紛，不盡然皆有病。因為服用寒食散以至困頓終身、或是夭害人命者，倒是時有所聞。這些社會菁英，為什麼還會繼續使用呢？如果將服用寒食散視為一種消費行為，這樣的消費行為能夠綿延魏晉南朝二、三百年，勢必是它能適應整個大環境的社會及其文化的要求。本文是以從散方的組成、作用，服散的節度、服散的風氣逐層剖析，並探究當日士人之所以服用寒食散的種種因素。

關鍵字

魏晉玄學；中國醫藥；士風；寒食散

並列摘要

”Cool Food Medical Powder” was the most representative consumption medicine during the the Wei, Tsin and Southern Dynasties. The noble was a main consumption ethnicity in that long period of time. Since He Yan affirmed the drug effect of this medicine, many people took this medicine. 30 to 40 records regarding taking ”Cool Food Medical Powder” could be found from the historical data. Cao Xi, a medical doctor, claimed that he kept taking this medicine for 40 years. Besides he rescued one hundred patients mistaking this medicine and thus got disease. From Cao Xi's description, we know how popular ”Cool Food Medical Powder” was at that time. While ”Cool Food Medical Powder” was able to cure the illed people, the noble without disease took it, too. It's often heard that this medicine caused disease or even death. We are curious why the noble still took the risk. If we regard the consumption of ”Cool Food Medical Powder” as a kind of consumer s' behavior for 200~300 years obviously reflects the request of the whole society and its culture. This essay plans to study the composition, function, prescription's request and practice of using this medicine. This essay is expected to show consumer psychology of the noble's taking ”Cool Food Medical Powder” at that time.