明初詞壇所反映之社會現象探究

中國文學史上常忽略明詞的介紹，但隨著《全明詞》的出版，明詞逐漸受到重視，尤其明朝開國之初的洪武年間(1368~1398)，是文學興盛期，擁有不少豐富優良的詞作，深值探究。由於文學作品是時代產物，充份受到社會環境影響，爲了進一步了解明初的詞人及詞作，本文將從明初詞壇的社會背景入手，分別就宗教、士風、節慶、經濟四方面進行探究，以期對明初詞壇創作的社會背景有所認識，並進而考察在這樣的社會背景下，對文人及詞作產生的影響。就宗教而言：明初由於太祖利用佛道來加強封建專制統治，所以兩者極爲盛行，在明初的詞作中，屢見言及佛道的相關用語和思想。就士風而言：沉鬱避世、應酬唱和、詠物寫景、香酒美人四方面可說是明初詞壇士風多樣的種種表現。就節慶而言：明人對於歷來的重要節日，不論宮中或民間均大肆慶祝，明初關於節慶景況書寫的詞作，呈現了兩種不同的風貌，一種是歌功頌德、歡慶佳節；另一種則是在佳節中寄寓更多的惆悵感慨。就經濟而言：明初在戰亂的影響下，雖曾民不聊生，但隨著社會漸趨安樂，詞人也爲此做了忠實的記錄，從河邊白骨、閨中嫠婦，到大地豐登、錦繡重重，在在顯現民生復甦的歡樂景象。

關鍵字

明初；明初詞人；明初詞作；明初詞壇；明太祖

並列摘要

The Ci poetry of the Ming Dynasty used to be ignored in the history of Chinese literature, but received more attention as The Collection of Ci Poetry of the Ming Dynasty was published. The Period of Hong-Wu (1368~1398A.D.) The Early Ming Dynasty was the period during which many good Ci poems were written. These poems should be explored. Influenced by the social context of the time, literary works tend to reflect the society then. To look into the Ci poets and poems of the Early Ming Dynasty, this study attempts to research the background of the Ci poetic society in the Early Ming Dynasty. The exploration into the aspects of religion, intellectuals' common practice, festivals, and economy shall sharpen the understanding of the social context of the Ci poetry in the Early Ming Dynasty and of the influence that the social context had on the Ci poets and poems. In the religious aspect, Ming Taizu strengthened the feudal autocracy with Buddhism and Taoism in the Early Ming Dynasty, so the two religions were popular enough to fill the Ci poetry with their linguistic terms and philosophies. In the aspect of intellectuals' common practice, the intellectuals tended to avoid the world with depression, composed Ci poetry at parties, described the natural scenery as symbols of some subjects, and praised the company of beauties and wine. In the aspect of festivals, both the noble and common people in the Ming Dynasty happily celebrated important traditional festivals. The Ci poems about the festivals in the Early Ming Dynasty can be divided into two groups. One group tended to celebrate the emperors' contribution and the traditional festivals, whereas the other group tended to incorporate their depressed feelings into the festival description. Lastly in the economic aspect, although people in the Early Ming Dynasty did suffer; however, as the wars ended, the society gradually prospered. The Ci poets also kept records of the process, from tragic scenes like human bones by the river bank and sad women waiting for the return of husbands from battlefields to comedic scenes such as prosperous agriculture and recovering economy.