水創生觀下的太歲數術－數術規律之提出及「咸池為太歲」之辨析

The Divination Regular Pattern of the Water-Genesis Conception: From the Clue of Tai-sui's Synonyms

陳峻誌(Chun-Chih Chen)

《興大人文學報》 52期 (2014/03) Pp. 111-146

摘要

春秋戰國時代存在以「水」為萬物根源的宇宙創生觀，如《管子．水地》：「水者何也？萬物之本原也。」郭店楚簡《太一生水》以為宇宙創生根源「太一」率先創生水，漢代初年的馬王堆《刑德》乙篇說「太陰始生水」，而此二篇的「太一」與「太陰」實即「太歲」之異名，因此在先秦兩漢的某些範疇中，「太歲」與「水崇拜」無疑有相當緊密的聯繫。本文擬藉分析「水」體系數術，歸納出數術具有「交融」、「複律」和「跳轉」三種規律，楬櫫東漢以前伏流於諸子學之下的水創生觀及其相關數術，並主張「咸池為太歲」乃數術演變而生的新命題，不宜以字誤視之。

關鍵字

水創生觀 ； 太一生水 ； 太歲 ； 咸池 ； 數術

並列摘要

From Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods, the creation of the universal conception that 〞water〞, as the source of all things, has existed. Such as Kuantzu．Shui-ti said: 〞What is water? The source of all the things.〞 〞Tai Yi Sheng Shui〞 said 〞Tai Yi〞 is leading water. Xing De said: 〞Tai Yin is the source of water.〞. In these two articles, 〞Tai Yi〞 and 〞Tai Yin〞 are the synonyms of 〞Tai-sui〞. Therefore, 〞Tai-sui〞 and 〞Water worship〞 undoubtedly have a close relationship in the Qin and Han Dynasties. The author analyzes the divination system of 〞Water〞, and summarizes the divination with 〞Blend〞, 〞Cardioversion〞 and 〞Jump〞. These three kinds of rules reveal the Water-Genesis Conception and Relation to the Divination, from of various sages in the East Han Dynasty. They advocated that the 〞Xian-chi is Tai-sui〞 is the evolution of new propositions of divination; therefore, they shouldn't be regarded incorrect characters.

並列關鍵字

Water-Genesis Conception ； Tai Yi Sheng Shui(太一生水) ； Tai-sui(太歲) ； Xian-chi(咸池) ； divination

參考文獻

(1968)。四部備要。臺北:臺灣中華書局。

戰國屈原、漢王逸注、清洪興祖補注(1972)。楚辭。臺南:北一出版社。

漢司馬遷、瀧川龜太郎注(1977)。史記會注考證。臺北:中新書局。

漢班固、唐顏師古注(1986)。漢書。臺北:鼎文書局。

漢王充(2001)。論衡。臺北:鼎文書局。